Abstrak
ABSTRAK
PM2,5 merupakan salah satu indikator adanya pencemaran udara dalam
ruang (indoor air pollution). Indonesia termasuk peringkat kelima jumlah kasus TB
terbesar di dunia, dan Kota Cirebon merupakan kota dengan angka penemuan kasus
TB paru tertinggi di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk
menganalisis hubungan PM2,5 di udara ruang dalam rumah dengan kejadian TB
paru BTA positif di Kota Cirebon.
Disain penelitian ini adalah kasus kontrol. Kriteria kasus adalah penderita
baru TB Paru yang berusia minimal 15 tahun dan hasil pemeriksaan sputum positif
berdasarkan konfirmasi laboratorium Puskesmas periode November 2014 s/d April
2015 serta bertempat tinggal di Kota Cirebon. Kriteria kontrol adalah tetangga
terdekat kasus yang tidak menderita TB paru, tidak memiliki gejala klinis mirip TB
paru berdasarkan konfirmasi dari petugas puskesmas setempat, berusia minimal 15
tahun dan bertempat tinggal di Kota Cirebon. Total jumlah sampel adalah 168
responden dengan jumlah kasus adalah 84 responden, dan kontrol 84 responden.
Konsentrasi PM2,5 di udara ruang dalam rumah berpengaruh terhadap
kejadian TB paru BTA positif di Kota Cirebon (OR 7,034; 95% CI 3,570 ? 13,860).
Variabel lainnya yang signifikan adalah jenis kelamin (OR 3,947; 95% CI 2,026-
7,692), lama berada di rumah (OR 2,682; 95% CI 1,430 ? 5,028), jenis bahan bakar
memasak (OR 3,260; 95% CI 1,116-9,523), status merokok (OR 3,034; 95% CI
1,446 ? 6,365), jenis atap rumah (OR 3,713; 95% CI 1,945 ? 7,089), dan laju
ventilasi kamar (OR 2,493; 95% CI 1,264 ? 4,918). Hasil analisis multivariat
dengan regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi PM2,5 dalam rumah
berhubungan dengan kejadian TB paru BTA positif (OR adjusted 6,14; 95% CI
2,904-12,975) dikontrol oleh variabel jenis kelamin, jenis atap rumah, dan laju
ventilasi kamar. Masih banyak rumah yang belum dilengkapi jendela atau
ventilasinya kurang, atap rumah tidak dilengkapi oleh langit-langit, sehingga masih
banyak rumah yang tidak memenuhi kriteria rumah sehat. Diperlukan upaya
peningkatan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat tentang kriteria rumah sehat,
dan masyarakat agar menjaga pola perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, termasuk tidak
merokok.
ABSTRACT
PM2,5 is one indicator of indoor air pollution. Indonesia is the fifth largest
number of TB cases in the world, and the city of Cirebon is a city with the highest
rate of pulmonary TB case detection in West Java province. The purpose of this
study was to analyze the relationship between PM2,5 in the indoor air and the
incidence of smear-positive pulmonary TB in the city of Cirebon.
The design of this study was a case-control. Cases criteria were patients
with TB minimum age 15 years old and had positive sputum test confirmed with
public health care laboratory test from November 2014 to April 2015 and lived in
Cirebon City. Controls criteria were the nearest neighbor not suffering TB and had
no clinical symptomps similar to TB confirmed by the local public health centre
officials, at least 15 years old and resides in Cirebon city. The total number of
samples is 168 respondents by the number of cases is 84 respondents, and 84
control respondents.
PM2,5 concentration in the indoor air affected the incidence of smearpositive
pulmonary TB in Cirebon city (OR 7.034; 95% CI 3.570 to 13.860).
Significant other variables are gender (OR 3.947; 95% CI 2.026 to 7.692), indoorstay
period (OR 2.682; 95% CI 1.430 to 5.028), the type of cooking fuel (OR 3.260;
95% CI 1.116 to 9.523), smoking status (OR 3.034; 95% CI 1.446 to 6.365), types
of roofs (OR 3.713; 95% CI 1.945 to 7.089), and the ventilation rate of the room
(OR 2.493; 95% CI 1.264 to 4.918). Results of multivariate analysis using logistic
regression modeling showed that concentrations of PM2,5 in the indoor air
associated with the incidence of pulmonary TB smear positive (OR adjusted 6,14;
95% CI 2.904 - 12.975) after being controlled by the variable gender, roof type of
the house, and the ventilation rate of the room. There are still many homes are not
equipped with a window or a lack of ventilation, the roof of the house is not
completed by the ceiling, so there is still a lot of homes that do not meet the criteria
for a healthy home. Necessary efforts to increase knowledge and awareness about
the criteria of a healthy home, and the community to maintain a clean and healthy
lifestyle, including not smoking.;PM2,5 is one indicator of indoor air pollution. Indonesia is the fifth largest
number of TB cases in the world, and the city of Cirebon is a city with the highest
rate of pulmonary TB case detection in West Java province. The purpose of this
study was to analyze the relationship between PM2,5 in the indoor air and the
incidence of smear-positive pulmonary TB in the city of Cirebon.
The design of this study was a case-control. Cases criteria were patients
with TB minimum age 15 years old and had positive sputum test confirmed with
public health care laboratory test from November 2014 to April 2015 and lived in
Cirebon City. Controls criteria were the nearest neighbor not suffering TB and had
no clinical symptomps similar to TB confirmed by the local public health centre
officials, at least 15 years old and resides in Cirebon city. The total number of
samples is 168 respondents by the number of cases is 84 respondents, and 84
control respondents.
PM2,5 concentration in the indoor air affected the incidence of smearpositive
pulmonary TB in Cirebon city (OR 7.034; 95% CI 3.570 to 13.860).
Significant other variables are gender (OR 3.947; 95% CI 2.026 to 7.692), indoorstay
period (OR 2.682; 95% CI 1.430 to 5.028), the type of cooking fuel (OR 3.260;
95% CI 1.116 to 9.523), smoking status (OR 3.034; 95% CI 1.446 to 6.365), types
of roofs (OR 3.713; 95% CI 1.945 to 7.089), and the ventilation rate of the room
(OR 2.493; 95% CI 1.264 to 4.918). Results of multivariate analysis using logistic
regression modeling showed that concentrations of PM2,5 in the indoor air
associated with the incidence of pulmonary TB smear positive (OR adjusted 6,14;
95% CI 2.904 - 12.975) after being controlled by the variable gender, roof type of
the house, and the ventilation rate of the room. There are still many homes are not
equipped with a window or a lack of ventilation, the roof of the house is not
completed by the ceiling, so there is still a lot of homes that do not meet the criteria
for a healthy home. Necessary efforts to increase knowledge and awareness about
the criteria of a healthy home, and the community to maintain a clean and healthy
lifestyle, including not smoking., PM2,5 is one indicator of indoor air pollution. Indonesia is the fifth largest
number of TB cases in the world, and the city of Cirebon is a city with the highest
rate of pulmonary TB case detection in West Java province. The purpose of this
study was to analyze the relationship between PM2,5 in the indoor air and the
incidence of smear-positive pulmonary TB in the city of Cirebon.
The design of this study was a case-control. Cases criteria were patients
with TB minimum age 15 years old and had positive sputum test confirmed with
public health care laboratory test from November 2014 to April 2015 and lived in
Cirebon City. Controls criteria were the nearest neighbor not suffering TB and had
no clinical symptomps similar to TB confirmed by the local public health centre
officials, at least 15 years old and resides in Cirebon city. The total number of
samples is 168 respondents by the number of cases is 84 respondents, and 84
control respondents.
PM2,5 concentration in the indoor air affected the incidence of smearpositive
pulmonary TB in Cirebon city (OR 7.034; 95% CI 3.570 to 13.860).
Significant other variables are gender (OR 3.947; 95% CI 2.026 to 7.692), indoorstay
period (OR 2.682; 95% CI 1.430 to 5.028), the type of cooking fuel (OR 3.260;
95% CI 1.116 to 9.523), smoking status (OR 3.034; 95% CI 1.446 to 6.365), types
of roofs (OR 3.713; 95% CI 1.945 to 7.089), and the ventilation rate of the room
(OR 2.493; 95% CI 1.264 to 4.918). Results of multivariate analysis using logistic
regression modeling showed that concentrations of PM2,5 in the indoor air
associated with the incidence of pulmonary TB smear positive (OR adjusted 6,14;
95% CI 2.904 - 12.975) after being controlled by the variable gender, roof type of
the house, and the ventilation rate of the room. There are still many homes are not
equipped with a window or a lack of ventilation, the roof of the house is not
completed by the ceiling, so there is still a lot of homes that do not meet the criteria
for a healthy home. Necessary efforts to increase knowledge and awareness about
the criteria of a healthy home, and the community to maintain a clean and healthy
lifestyle, including not smoking.]