Abstrak
Pandemi Covid-19 menimbulkan dampak pada berbagai sektor yang memungkinkan memicu terjadinya gangguan mental emosional (GME) dan penurunan kualitas hidup sehingga pembentukan ketangguhan sangat diperlukan. Studi ini ditujukan unutk menganalisis peranan ketangguhan (individu, keluarga dan komunitas) terhadap GME dan kualitas hidup individu selama pandemi Covid-19 di Jakarta Timur pada gelombang kedua. Studi explanatory sequential mixed-methods dengan pendekatan desain cross sectional dan metode kualitatif dengan desain Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP). Kualitas hidup diukur menggunakan Indonesian HRQoL, sedangkan GME diskrining menggunakan SRQ pada 300 responden yang terpilih dari teknik multistage cluster sampling. Exploratory qualitative dilakukan pada dua kelompok FGD dan tiga informan wawancara mendalam, sedangkan explanatory qualitative dilakukan pada enam kelompok FGD dan sembilan informan wawancara mendalam. Masyarakat memahami ketangguhan (individu, keluarga, dan komunitas) sebagai konsep kamampuan menghadapi pandemi dengan memanfaatkan aspek-aspek di sekitar mereka, GME sebagai masalah mental, dan kualitas hidup sebagai kondisi kesehatan. Proporsi GME meningkat dua kali lipat dibandingkan situasi normal. Proporsi kualitas hidup buruk sebanyak 26,30%. Ketangguhan (individu, keluarga, dan komunitas) yang buruk berperan terhadap terjadinya GME dan kualitas hidup buruk selama pandemi Covid-19. GME juga berperan terhadap kualitas hidup yang buruk. Peranan ketangguhan individu terhadap GME dan kualitas hidup ditentukan oleh persepsi realistis dengan cara bersyukur, ikhlas, sabar, dan saling menguatkan, menerima keadaan, menerapkan protokol kesehatan, regulasi emosi-kognisi, kemampuan adaptasi, dan optimisme. Peranan ketangguhan individu terhadap GME dan kualitas hidup ditentukan oleh usia pengambil keputusan keluarga, dukungan sosial dan kontrol diri. Peranan ketangguhan komunitas terhadap GME dan kualitas hidup ditentukan oleh kestabilan sistem pendidikan, sistem kesehatan, sistem politik/pemerintahan, dan sistem manajemen pandemi. Ketangguhan keluarga ditemukan paling berperan terhadap kualitas hidup. Sistem pemerintahan yang berkolaborasi dan responsif menentukan kestabilan komponen-komponen ketangguhan komunitas. Oleh karena itu, direkomendasikan untuk memperkuat komponen ketangguhan keluarga dan sistem pemerintahan untuk menghadapi pandemi.
The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted various sectors that may trigger mental-emotional disorders (Gangguan Mental Emosional (GME)) and a decrease in quality of life, so the formation of resilience is urgently needed. This study aims to analyze the role of resilience (individual, family, and community) on GME and the quality of life of individuals during the Covid-19 pandemic in East Jakarta in the second wave. Explanatory sequential mixed-methods study with a cross-sectional design approach and qualitative methods with a Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP) design. Quality of life was measured using the Indonesian HRQoL, while GME was screened using the SRQ on 300 respondents selected from the multistage cluster sampling technique. Exploratory qualitative was conducted with two FGD groups and three in-depth interviews with informants. Meanwhile, explanatory qualitative was conducted with six FGD groups and nine in-depth interviews with informants. Communities understand resilience (individual, family, and community) as a concept of dealing with a pandemic by utilizing aspects around them, GME as a mental problem, and quality of life as a health condition. The proportion of GME has doubled compared to the normal situation. The proportion of poor quality of life is 26.30%. Poor resilience (individual, family, and community) contributes to the occurrence of GME and poor quality of life during the Covid-19 pandemic. GME also contributes to poor quality of life. The role of individual resilience to GME and quality of life is determined by realistic perceptions by being grateful, sincere, patient, and mutually reinforcing, accepting circumstances, implementing health protocols, emotional-cognition regulation, adaptability, and optimism. The role of individual resilience to GME and quality of life is determined by the age of family decision-makers, social support, and self-control. The role of community resilience to GME and quality of life is determined by the stability of the education system, health system, political/government system, and pandemic management system. Family resilience was found to have the most effect on the quality of life. Collaborative and responsive governance systems determine the stability of the components of community resilience. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen the components of family resilience and government systems to deal with a pandemic.