Abstrak
Stunting adalah kondisi gagal tumbuh akibat kekurangan gizi kronis. Tidak hanya disebabkan oleh kurangnya asupan makanan, stunting juga disebabkan oleh kejadian infeksi berulang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran cakupan imunisasi dan kejadian penyakit infeksi berbasis lingkungan, korelasinya dengan kejadian stunting pada balita, serta rekomendasi intervensi pengendalian stunting di Provinsi Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi multiple-group study dengan data kecamatan sebagai unit analisis. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah prevalensi stunting, persentase cakupan imunisasi, prevalensi diare, dan prevalensi ISPA (Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut) pada balita per bulan selama setahun pada 44 kecamatan di DKI Jakarta yang dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji korelasi. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan korelasi signifikan antara imunisasi dengan stunting di 6 kecamatan, diare dan stunting di 4 kecamatan, serta ISPA dan stunting di 12 kecamatan. Intervensi yang direkomendasikan adalah upaya penurunan prevalensi ISPA untuk menurunkan prevalensi stunting melalui intensifikasi pencarian dan pengobatan kasus, pemberian perlindungan spesifik dan imunisasi, pemberantasan penyakit berbasis lingkungan, serta upaya kemitraan lintas sektor.
Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive due to chronic malnutrition. Not only caused by a lack of food intake, stunting is also caused by repeated infections. The purpose of this study was to describe the scope of immunization and the incidence of environmental-based infectious diseases, its correlation with the incidence of stunting in children under five, as well as recommendations for stunting control interventions in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta Province. The research methodology used a multiple-group study design with sub-district data as the unit of analysis. The data collected was the prevalence of stunting, the percentage of immunization coverage, the prevalence of diarrhea, and the prevalence of ARI (Accute Respiratoty Infection) in under-fives per month for a year in 44 sub-districts in DKI Jakarta which were statistically analyzed using a correlation test. Statistical test results showed a significant correlation between immunization and stunting in 6 sub-districts, diarrhea and stunting in 4 sub-districts, and ARI and stunting in 12 sub-districts. The recommended interventions are efforts to reduce the prevalence of ARI to reduce the prevalence of stunting through intensifying case search and treatment, providing specific protection and immunization, eradicating environment-based diseases, and cross-sector partnership efforts.