Abstrak
keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3), yang meliputi tahapan kegiatan penyelidikan umum, eksplorasi, studi kelayakan, konstruksi, penambangan, pengolahan dan/atau pemurnian, pengangkutan dan pencucian serta pascatambang, yang pada umumnya dilaksanakan di area yang terpencil (remote area), oleh karena itu kegiatan pertambangan sangat rentan terhadap risiko K3 terutama kecelakaan tambang. Tujuan penelitian ini melakukan kajian analisis gap Human Factors dengan metode HFACS dan Interaksi antar faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap kejadian Kecelakaan Tambang Berakibat Fatal pada tahun 2022. Metode Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) dikembangkan oleh Wiegmann dan Shapell pada tahun 2003 yang didasarkan pada model swiss cheese, pada penelitian ini akan secara lebih mendalam mengungkap bahwa faktor kontribusi manusia yang tidak muncul secara tiba-tiba atau akibat pelanggaran individual pekerja namun ada kontribusi dari kegagalan pengelolaan organisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan desain case study terhadap laporan Berita Acara hasil investigasi Kecelakaan Tambang berakibat 8 perusahaan pertambangan mineral dan batubara pada tahun selama periode bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2022. Hasil dari penelitian ini terdapat 43 penyebab dari sisi human factors, dengan distribusi terdiri atas skill-based error sebesar 2%, decision error sebesar 14%, perceptual error 2%, exceptional violation 0%, lingkungan fisik 5%, lingkungan teknis 9%, kondisi operator 7%, keterbatasan fisik/mental 0%, kegagalan pengelolaan pekerja 7%, kesiapan personil 2%, supervisi yang tidak memadai 16%, operasi yang tidak sesuai rencana 5%, gagal memperbaiki masalah 0%, pelanggaran kepemimpinan 2% dan proses organisasi sebesar 9%.
Mining activities are a capital-intensive and occupational safety and health (K3) risk-intensive industry, which includes the stages of general investigation, exploration, feasibility studies, construction, mining, processing and/or refining, transportation and washing and post-mining activities, which are generally carried out in remote areas, therefore mining activities are very vulnerable to K3 risks, especially mining accidents. The aim of this research is to study the Human Factors gap analysis using the HFACS method and the interactions between factors that contribute to fatal mining accidents in 2022. The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) method was developed by Wiegmann and Shapell in 2003 which is based on the model swiss cheese, this research will reveal in more depth that the human contribution factor does not appear suddenly or as a result of individual workers' violations but there is a contribution from failure in organizational management. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study design on the Minutes of Mining Accident Investigation Reports affecting 8 mineral and coal mining companies in the period January to December 2022. The results of this research are 43 causes from the human factors side, with a distribution consisting of on skill-based error of 2%, decision error of 14%, perceptual error of 2%, exceptional violation 0%, physical environment 5%, technical environment 9%, operator condition 7%, physical/mental limitations 0%, worker management failure 7%, personnel readiness 2%, inadequate supervision 16%, operations not according to plan 5%, failure to fix problems 0%, leadership violations 2% and organizational processes 9%.