Abstrak
Stunting adalah kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak balita akibat kekurangan gizi kronis terutama pada 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK) yang dapat menghambat kualitas sumber daya manusia di Indonesia. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan higiene dan sanitasi terhadap stunting dengan mempertimbangkan faktor individu balita dan faktor keluarga pada anak berusia bawah lima tahun (0-60 bulan) atau balita di Kelurahan Bidara Cina, Jakarta Timur tahun 2024. Penelitian ini menggunkan desain cross-sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 126 responden. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer melalui observasi dan wawancara. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan stunting berhubungan signifikan dengan higiene dan sanitasi (mencuci tangan dengan sabun (p-value = 0,01 & OR = 9,828); kepemilikan jamban pribadi (p-value = <0,001 & OR = 9,750); dan kualitas fisik air (p-value = <0,001 & OR = 4,713)); faktor individu balita (usia balita 49-60 bulan (p-value = <0,001 & OR = 0,350) dan riwayat penyakit atau infeksi (p-value = <0,001 & OR = 4,631)); serta faktor keluarga (sosial ekonomi keluarga (p-value = 0,003 & OR = 6,00) dan perilaku merokok keluarga (p-value = 0,004 & OR = 4,245)). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah berdasarkan analisis multivariat (uji Multiple Logistic Regression), terdapat hubungan signifikan antara variabel kepemilikan jamban (p-value = 0,004 & OR = 5,068) dan usia balita rentang 49–60 bulan (p-value = 0,011 & OR = 1,528) dengan stunting. Dua variabel tersebut menyumbangkan 33,2% kasus kejadian stunting pada balita di Kelurahan Bidara Cina, Jakarta Timur tahun 2024.
Stunting is a condition of impaired growth in toddlers due to chronic malnutrition, particularly during the first 1000 days of life, which can decrease the quality of human resources in Indonesia. The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between hygiene and sanitation towards stunting, considering individual and family factors in children under five years old (0-60 months) in Bidara Cina Village, East Jakarta, in 2024. This study used a cross-sectional design with 126 respondents. This study collected primary data through observation and interviews. The bivariate analysis results showed that stunting was significantly associated with hygiene and sanitation practices (handwashing with soap (p-value = 0,01 & OR = 9,828); ownership of personal toilet facilities (p-value = < 0,001 & OR = 9,750); and physical quality of water (p-value = < 0,001 & OR = 4,713)); individual factors of toddlers (age 49-60 months (p-value = < 0,001 & OR = 0,350) and history of illness or infection (p-value = < 0,001 & OR = 4,631)); and family factors (family socioeconomic status (p-value = 0,003 & OR = 6,00) and family smoking behavior (p-value = 0,004 & OR = 4,245)). The conclusion of this study is based on multivariate analysis (Multiple Logistic Regression test) that there was a significant relationship between the variables of toilet ownership (p-value = 0,004 & OR = 5,068) and the age range of 49-60 months (p-value = 0,011 & OR = 1,528) with stunting. Those two variables contributed to 33,2% of stunting cases among toddlers in Bidara Cina Subdistrict, East Jakarta, in 2024.