Abstrak
Siswa-siswi SMP di Kecamatan Citeureup dapat berisiko mengalami gangguan hemoglobin atau anemia karena PM2.5 yang dihasilkan dari aktivitas industri dan kendaraan bermotor. Remaja yang terpapar PM2.5 dapat mengalami penurunan kadar hemoglobin dalam darah dimana berdampak pada penurunan oksigen yang diedarkan ke seluruh organ-organ tubuh, terutama otak dan jantung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan pajanan PM2.5 dengan anemia pada siswa-siswi Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Kecamatan Citeureup, Kabupaten Bogor. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian case-control. Sampel penelitian ini adalah sebagian siswa-siswi kelas VIII dan IX yang berada pada 4 Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Kecamatan Citeureup. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat dengan menggunakan Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) versi 22. Variabel yang berhubungan secara signifikan dengan anemia pada siswa-siswi SMP adalah konsentrasi PM2.5 (p-value = 0,026), jenis kelamin (p-value = 0,007), dan IMT (p-value = 0,016). Berdasarkan analisis multivariat, konsumsi zat besi heme (telur ayam) dan non-heme (buncis, singkong, oncom, tahu), konsumsi peningkat absorpsi zat besi (melon dan jambu biji), serta aktivitas fisik merupakan variabel konfounding hubungan PM2.5 dengan anemia.
Junior high school students in Citeureup District can be at risk of hemoglobin disorders or anemia due to PM2.5 produced by industrial activities and motor vehicles. Adolescents exposed to PM2.5 can experience a decrease in hemoglobin levels in the blood, which impacts a decrease in oxygen circulated to all body organs, especially the brain and heart. This study aims to determine the association between PM2.5 exposure and anemia in junior high school students in Citeureup District, Bogor Regency. The type of research is quantitative research with a case-control research design. The sample of this study is some students in grades VIII and IX who are in 4 Junior High Schools in Citeureup District. Data analysis was carried out in univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 22. The variables that were significantly related to anemia in junior high school students were PM2.5 concentration (p-value = 0.026), gender (p-value = 0.007), and BMI (p-value = 0.016). Based on multivariate analysis, the consumption of heme iron (chicken eggs) and non-heme iron (chickpeas, cassava, oncom, tofu), consumption of iron absorption enhancers (melon and guava), and physical activity were the confounding variables of the association between PM2.5 and anemia.