Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara self-esteem dan pola asuh orang tua terhadap depresi pada siswa SMA di Jakarta Selatan tahun 2023. Penelitian menggunakan desain kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional berdasarkan data sekunder dari Survei Perilaku Remaja tahun 2023. Sampel terdiri dari 866 siswa kelas 10 dan 11 dari SMAN 38 dan SMAN 90 Jakarta Selatan yang diambil secara total sampling. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa self-esteem rendah (p < 0.001; OR = 7.35, CI 95%: 5.07–10.64) dan pola asuh negatif (p < 0.001; OR = 2.91, CI 95%: 2.16–3.91) memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan tingkat depresi siswa. Analisis stratifikasi berdasarkan jenis kelamin mengungkapkan bahwa self-esteem rendah memiliki hubungan yang lebih kuat terhadap depresi pada siswa laki-laki (OR = 9.71, CI 95%: 5.90–16.00, p < 0.001) dibandingkan siswa perempuan (OR = 5.81, CI 95%: 3.81–8.84, p < 0.001). Pola asuh negatif juga ditemukan memiliki dampak yang konsisten pada kedua jenis kelamin, meskipun variasinya lebih kecil. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan sekolah untuk menyediakan pelatihan bagi guru dan konselor dalam mendeteksi tanda awal depresi pada siswa, serta mengadakan layanan konseling yang mendukung siswa dengan self-esteem rendah dan pengalaman pola asuh negatif. Penting untuk mengadakan seminar terkait kesehatan mental dan pola asuh positif bagi orang tua, serta mendorong penelitian lanjutan dengan pendekatan longitudinal dan eksplorasi variabel lain yang relevan.

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This study aims to analyze the relationship between self-esteem, parenting styles, and socioeconomic status on depression among high school students in South Jakarta in 2023. The study employed a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach using secondary data from the 2023 Adolescent Behavior Survey. The sample consisted of 866 10th- and 11th-grade students from SMAN 38 and SMAN 90 Jakarta, selected through total sampling. The analysis showed that low self-esteem (p < 0.001; OR = 7.35, CI 95%: 5.07–10.64) and negative parenting styles (p < 0.001; OR = 2.91, CI 95%: 2.16–3.91) were significantly associated with depression levels. Stratified analysis by gender revealed that low self-esteem had a stronger association with depression among male students (OR = 9.71, CI 95%: 5.90–16.00, p < 0.001) compared to female students (OR = 5.81, CI 95%: 3.81–8.84, p < 0.001). Negative parenting styles were consistently associated with depression in both genders, though the variation was smaller. This study recommends that schools provide training for teachers and counselors to detect early signs of depression in students and establish counseling services to support students with low self-esteem and negative parenting experiences. Additionally, it is essential to organize seminars on mental health and positive parenting for parents and to encourage further research using longitudinal approaches and exploration of other relevant variables