Abstrak

Industri pembuatan alat music memiliki risiko kesehatan akibat penggunaan bahan kimia seperti pelarut (solvent) dan perekat (adhesive). Pelarut digunakan dalam proses pengecatan kayu, sedangkan perekat digunakan untuk penyambungan part kayu agar menjadi sebuah alat musik. Pelarut yang digunakan yaitu 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 2-butoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, 4-methylpentan-2-one, acetone, cumene, cyclohexanone, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzene, mesitylene, naphthalene, solvent naphtha (petroleum), n-butyl acetate, toluene, dan xylene. Penilaian risiko kesehatan bahan kimia mengacu pada Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) DOSH Malaysia tahun 2018 dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dimulai dari identifikasi bahan kimia, pengamatan dan interview, pengukuran, penilaian risiko kesehatan, menilai kecukupan pengendalian dan penentuan action priority. Hasil penelitian di PT XYZ menunjukkan nilai risk rating untuk pajanan inhalasi berkisar antara 6 (moderate) hingga 25 (high), dan pajanan dermal berada pada kategori moderate 1, moderate 2 dan high 1. Seluruh proses dinyatakan belum memiliki pengendalian yang cukup. Action priority 1 untuk pajanan inhalasi pada proses sanding, washcoat, wipping, pemasangan logo dan pewarnaan dengan cat pada bahan kimia cumene dan untuk pajanan dermal pada proses sanding, washcoat, wipping, pemasangan logo dan pewarnaan dengan cat pada bahan kimia 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, cumene, dan solvent naphtha (petroleum). Action priority 1 berarti tindakan pengendalian diperlukan segera.

The musical instrument manufacturing industry carries health risks due to the use of chemicals such as solvents and adhesives. Solvents are used in the wood painting process, while adhesives are applied to join wooden parts into a complete instrument. The solvents used include 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 2-butoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, 4-methylpentan-2-one, acetone, cumene, cyclohexanone, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzene, mesitylene, naphthalene, solvent naphtha (petroleum), n-butyl acetate, toluene, and xylene. The chemical health risk assessment refers to the 2018 DOSH Malaysia Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) guidelines and uses both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data collection includes chemical identification, observation, interviews, measurement, health risk assessment, evaluation of control adequacy, and determination of action priorities. The results of the study at PT XYZ showed that the risk rating for inhalation exposure ranged from 6 (moderate) to 25 (high), while dermal exposure was categorized as moderate 1, moderate 2, and high 1. All processes were found to have insufficient control measures. Action priority 1 was identified for inhalation exposure during sanding, washcoat, wipping, logo installation, and coloring processes involving cumene. The same priority was also identified for dermal exposure to 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, cumene, and solvent naphtha (petroleum) in those same processes. Action priority 1 indicates that immediate control measures are required.