Abstrak
Latar belakang: Masalah gizi stunting masih menjadi isu kesehatan masyarakat yang utama. Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia khususnya, pada bayi di bawah dua tahun (baduta) masih tergolong tinggi yakni 18.50%. Angka laju penurunan stunting pada baduta cenderung lamban dalam periode 10 tahun terakhir. Diperlukannya optimalisasi intervensi stunting terutama pada 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK) salah satunya, melalui pemeriksaan kehamilan (antenatal care).
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kualitas pemeriksaan kehamilan terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Indonesia setelah di kontrol oleh variable lainnya pada ibu yakni; faktor sosiodemografi, kesehatan kehamilan dan kesehatan anak.
Metode: Studi ini berdesain cross-sectional, dimana faktor paparan dan outcome diukur pada satu waktu. Data yang digunakan adalah data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023. Mengikutsertakan sebanyak 18.898 anak berusia 6-23 bulan yang ibunya sedang tidak hamil dan memiliki data pemeriksaan kehamilan lengkap pada instrumen SKI tahun 2023. Analisis hubungan menggunakan cog regression sedangkan, pada pengontrolan hubungan variable menggunakan metode time-dependent dan backward-elimination.
Hasil: Anak berusia 6-23 bulan di Indonesia yang ibunya tidak melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan berkualitas berisiko 1.23 kali (aPR = 1.230, 95%CI: 1.111-1.361, p-value = 0,000) mengalami stunting setelah di kontrol oleh variabel kovariat lainnya.
Kesimpulan: Melakukan ANC minimal 4 kali dan menerima pelayanan ANC yang berkualitas dapat menurunkan resiko stunting pada baduta di Indoensia.
Background: Child stunting is still be a major public health issue in Indonesia, expecially in toddlers (child aged 6-23 months). The prevalence of stunting among toddlers remains relatively high, 18.50%. The annual average rate of reduction (AARR) of stunting has been steadily slow over the last past 10 years. Therefore, it is crucial to optimize the stunting interventions, predominantly during the first 1000 days of life, one of the ways is through the antenatal care. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the relationship between the quality of antenatal care and the incidence of stunting in children aged 6-23 monts in Indonesia, after being controlled by the other variable, such are; sociodemographic factors, pregnANCy health and child health. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, in which both of the exposures and the outcome are being measured at the same point of time. The data used are from the Indonesi Health Survey in 2023. There are 18.898 children aged 6-23 months were included, whose mothers were not pregnant and had a fulfilled of antenatal care data, in the SKI 2023 instrument. The association analysis was conducted by cog regression while the time-dependent methods and backward elimination were conducted to to control those variables. Findings: Child aged 6-23 monthss old in Indonesia, whose mothers did not receive four visit of antenatal care have a 1.23 times higher risk (aPR = 1.230, 95%CI: 1.111-1.361, p-value 0.000) of experiencing stunting, after controlling for the other covariate variables. Conclusions: Receiving at least four antenatal care (ANC) visits, and accessing quality ANC services can reduce the risk of stunting among children aged 6-23 months- old in Indonesia.