Abstrak
Penggunaan bahan kimia berbahaya seperti formaldehida, fenol, dan senyawa azo dalam industri pewarna tekstil menimbulkan risiko serius terhadap kesehatan pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan bahan kimia di Industri Pewarna Tekstil PT X tahun 2025. Metode yang digunakan adalah penilaian risiko kesehatan berbasis pendekatan Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) dari DOSH Malaysia, penilaian dilakukan terhadap dua rute pajanan yaitu inhalasi dan dermal dengan menilai Hazard Rating (HR) untuk menentukan tingkat bahaya bahan kimia berdasarkan sifat toksikologi, Exposure Rating (ER) untuk menilai frekuensi, durasi, dan intensitas pajanan melalui inhalasi dan dermal, serta Risk Rating (RR) sebagai hasil dari HR dikalikan dengan ER. Metode pengumpulan data mencakup observasi lapangan, wawancara, dan kuesioner terhadap pekerja produksi dan laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar bahan kimia tergolong dalam kategori risiko tinggi dengan jalur pajanan utama melalui inhalasi dan dermal. Data klinik menunjukkan tingginya kasus ISPA pada pekerja. Evaluasi mengindikasikan bahwa pengendalian yang diterapkan belum sepenuhnya memadai. Rekomendasi mencakup peningkatan sistem pengendalian teknis, administratif, dan pelatihan pekerja. Penilaian ini menjadi dasar penting dalam upaya pencegahan penyakit akibat kerja dan peningkatan program K3.
The use of hazardous chemicals such as formaldehyde, phenol, and azo compounds in the textile dye industry poses serious risks to workers' health. This study aims to analyze the level of health risk due to chemical exposure in the Textile Dye Industry of PT X in 2025. The method used is a health risk assessment based on the Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) approach from DOSH Malaysia, the assessment is carried out on two routes of exposure, namely inhalation and dermal by assessing the Hazard Rating (HR) to determine the level of chemical hazard based on toxicological properties, Exposure Rating (ER) to assess the frequency, duration, and intensity of exposure through inhalation and dermal, and Risk Rating (RR) as the result of HR multiplied by ER. Data collection methods include field observations, interviews, and questionnaires with production and laboratory workers. The results showed that most chemicals are classified as high-risk with the main exposure routes through inhalation and dermal. Clinical data showed high cases of ARI in workers. The evaluation indicated that the controls implemented were not fully adequate. Recommendations include improving the technical, administrative, and worker training control systems. This assessment is an important basis for efforts to prevent work-related diseases and improve K3 programs.