Abstrak
Latar Belakang: Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global. Meskipun telah mengalami penurunan sebesar 1,9% dari dekade sebelumnya, angka tersebut belum cukup untuk mencapai target global dalam The Global Nutrition Target. BBLR banyak terjadi di negara-negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah. Berdasarkan laporan SKI 2023, prevalensi kejadian BBLR di Indonesia sebesar 6,1%. Proporsi bayi dengan BBLR yang tinggi di populasi menjadi indikator permasalahan kesehatan yang kompleks karena mengindikasikan terjadinya malnutrisi jangka panjang pada ibu, kondisi kesehatan yang buruk, serta pelayanan kesehatan yang kurang memadai pada masa kehamilan. Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian BBLR di Indonesia berdasarkan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan data dari Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023 dengan desain studi cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 57.512 bayi lahir hidup dengan kelahiran tunggal. Analisis dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square serta regresi logistik berganda. Hasil: Prevalensi kejadian BBLR di Indonesia berdasarkan data SKI 2023 adalah sebesar 5%. Faktor yang secara independen berhubungan dengan kejadian BBLR di Indonesia adalah usia gestasi (APOR = 7,274; 95% CI: 6,312–8,382), status gizi ibu (APOR = 1,898; 95% CI: 1,586–2,271), jenis kelamin bayi (APOR = 0,733; 95% CI: 0,644–0,833), kepemilikan KKS (APOR = 1,212; 95% CI: 1,024–1,436), bahan bakar memasak (APOR = 1,217; 95% CI: 1,018–1,456), tempat tinggal (APOR = 0,816; 95% CI: 0,710–0,937), dan status ekonomi menengah (APOR = 0,795; 95% CI: 0,663–0,952) setelah dikontrol variabel lain. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan pentingnya peningkatan gizi dan status kesehatan pada ibu dan bayi.
Background: Low Birth Weight (LBW) remains a global health issue. Although it has decreased by 1,9% from the previous decade, this reduction is still insufficient to achieve the Global Nutrition Targets. LBW predominantly occurs in low- and middle-income countries. According to the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey report, the prevalence of LBW in Indonesia stands at 6,1%. A high proportion of infants with LBW in a population indicates a complex health problem, as it reflects long-term maternal malnutrition, poor health conditions, and inadequate maternal healthcare services during pregnancy. Objective: To determine the factors associated with the incidence of LBW in Indonesia based on the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey data. Methods: This study performed a secondary analysis using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey, employing a cross-sectional study design. The research sample consisted of 57.512 live-born infants from single pregnancies (singleton births). Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed using the Chi-Square test and multiple logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of LBW in Indonesia based on the 2023 SKI data was 5%. Factors independently associated with the incidence of LBW in Indonesia after adjusting for other variables were gestational age (APOR = 7,274; 95% CI: 6,312–8,382), maternal nutritional status (APOR = 1,898; 95% CI: 1,586–2,271), infant's sex (APOR = 0,733; 95% CI: 0,644–0,833) , ownership of Family Prosperity Card/KKS (APOR = 1,212; 95% CI: 1,024–1,436), cooking fuel (APOR = 1,217; 95% CI: 1,018–1,456), place of residence (APOR = 0,816; 95% CI: 0,710–0,937), and middle-class economic status (APOR = 0,795; 95% CI: 0,663–0,952). Conclusion: This study highlights the critical importance of improving nutritional and health status for both mothers and infants.