Abstrak
Latar Belakang: Perilaku merokok memicu beban kesehatan global masif dan kerugian ekonomi makro akibat penyakit katastropik. Setiap negara memiliki kebijakan pengendalian rokok dengan performa berbeda, termasuk Indonesia dan Filipina. Penelitian ini membandingkan hubungan paparan kebijakan pengendalian rokok pada perokok dewasa usia ≥25 tahun dengan upaya berhenti merokok di kedua negara menggunakan data sebanding. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kuantitatif menggunakan data sekunder Data Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Indonesia dan Filipina 2021. Sampel akhir mencakup 2.451 responden (Indonesia) dan 2.989 responden (Filipina) berusia ≥25 tahun. Variabel dependen adalah upaya berhenti merokok, sedangkan variabel independen utama adalah paparan tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship (TAPS) dan kawasan tanpa rokok (KTR) yang diukur dengan Tobacco Control Scale (TCS). Analisis menggunakan regresi logistik biner 4 model. Hasil: Pada model akhir, paparan TAPS tinggi di Indonesia berhubungan signifikan dengan upaya berhenti merokok (AOR=1,27; 95% CI: 1,02-1,58) sedangkan paparan KTR tidak berhubungan signifikan (AOR=0,93; 95% CI: 0,78-1,12). Sementara di Filipina, paparan TAPS dan KTR tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan upaya berhenti merokok (AOR=1,17; 95% CI: 0,99-1,40 dan AOR=1,11; 95% CI: 0,93-1,32). Di kedua negara, anjuran tenaga kesehatan dan aturan larangan merokok di rumah signifikan meningkatkan peluang upaya berhenti merokok. Di Indonesia, jenis kelamin perempuan, pengetahuan bahaya merokok yang baik, dan daerah tempat tinggal di perkotaan juga menjadi prediktor signifikan. Kesimpulan: Paparan TAPS berhubungan dengan upaya berhenti merokok di Indonesia, sedangkan paparan KTR di Indonesia serta paparan TAPS dan KTR di Filipina tidak berhubungan signifikan. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan pengendalian rokok di Indonesia belum optimal dibandingkan Filipina. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan kebijakan pengendalian tembakau dengan memperketat pelarangan total TAPS, memperkuat penegakan hukum KTR, mengoptimalkan peran tenaga kesehatan dan keluarga, serta meningkatkan promosi kesehatan untuk mendukung upaya berhenti merokok.
Background: Smoking behavior triggers a massive global health burden and macroeconomic losses due to catastrophic diseases. Every country has tobacco control policies with varying performances, including Indonesia and Philippines. This study compares the relationship between tobacco control policy exposure among adult smokers aged ≥25 years and smoking cessation attempts in both countries using comparable data. Methods: This quantitative study used secondary data from the 2021 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) of Indonesia and Philippines. The final sample included 2,451 respondents from Indonesia and 2,989 respondents from Philippines aged ≥25 years. The dependent variable was smoking cessation attempts, while the independent variables were exposure to tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship (TAPS) and smoke-free areas (SFA), measured using the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS). Data were analyzed using a 4-model binary logistic regression. Results: In the final model, high TAPS exposure in Indonesia was significantly associated with smoking cessation attempts (AOR=1.27; 95% CI: 1.02-1.58), whereas SFL exposure showed no significant association (AOR=0.93; 95% CI: 0.78-1.12). Meanwhile, in the Philippines, neither TAPS nor SFL exposure was significantly associated with smoking cessation attempts (AOR=1.17; 95% CI: 0.99-1.40 and AOR=1.11; 95% CI: 0.93-1.32). In both countries, advice from healthcare professionals and smoke-free home rules significantly increased the odds of smoking cessation attempts. In Indonesia, female gender, good knowledge of smoking hazards, and urban residence were also significant predictors. Conclusion: TAPS exposure is associated with smoking cessation attempts in Indonesia, whereas SFA exposure in Indonesia as well as both TAPS and SFL exposures in the Philippines show no significant association. The findings also indicate that the implementation of tobacco control policies in Indonesia remains suboptimal compared to the Philippines. The Indonesian government is advised to strict total bans on TAPS, enforce SFA laws, optimize the roles of healthcare professionals and families, and enhance health promotion.