Abstrak
Stunting pada anak usia 6–23 bulan merupakan masalah gizi kronis yang dapat berkaitan dengan praktik pemberian makan serta berbagai faktor anak, kesehatan, lingkungan, dan keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD), Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF), Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD), dan faktor lainnya dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6–23 bulan di Provinsi Maluku. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional) dengan data sekunder Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2024. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas 840 anak usia 6–23 bulan yang diperoleh melalui total sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi, eksklusi, dan kelengkapan data. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square, dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi stunting sebesar 17,7%, sedangkan anak yang memenuhi MDD, MMF, dan MAD masing-masing sebesar 23,1%, 43,8%, dan 13,5%. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara MMF (p = 0,032; OR = 1,517; 95% CI: 1,051–2,191), jenis kelamin (p = 0,016; OR = 1,582; 95% CI: 1,101–2,273), dan usia anak (p < 0,001; OR = 2,344; 95% CI: 1,510–3,638) dengan kejadian stunting. MDD (p = 0,845) dan MAD (p = 0,229) tidak menunjukkan hubungan dengan kejadian stunting. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa anak yang tidak memenuhi MMF (aOR = 1,648; 95% CI: 1,130–2,404), berjenis kelamin laki-laki (aOR = 1,621; 95% CI: 1,118–2,348), berusia 12–23 bulan (aOR = 3,103; 95% CI: 1,858–5,180), dan tinggal dalam rumah tangga dengan dua balita atau lebih (aOR = 1,793; 95% CI: 1,017–3,164) memiliki peluang lebih besar mengalami stunting. Pemberian vitamin A dipertahankan dalam model sebagai variabel perancu. Faktor paling dominan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting adalah usia anak. Penguatan edukasi dan pendampingan praktik pemberian makan perlu diprioritaskan pada periode usia 12–23 bulan, terutama dalam pemenuhan frekuensi makan sesuai usia, disertai pemantauan pertumbuhan pada anak laki-laki dan anak yang tinggal dalam rumah tangga dengan dua balita atau lebih.

Stunting among children aged 6–23 months is a chronic nutritional problem that may be associated with feeding practices and various child, health, environmental, and household factors. This study aimed to analyze the associations of Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD), Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF), Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD), and other factors with stunting among children aged 6–23 months in Maluku Province. This study used a cross-sectional design and secondary data from the 2024 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey. The study included 840 children aged 6–23 months selected through total sampling after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessing data completeness. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of stunting was 17.7%, while the proportions of children who met MDD, MMF, and MAD were 23.1%, 43.8%, and 13.5%, respectively. The bivariate analysis showed associations between MMF (p = 0.032; OR = 1.517; 95% CI: 1.051–2.191), sex (p = 0.016; OR = 1.582; 95% CI: 1.101–2.273), and child age (p < 0.001; OR = 2.344; 95% CI: 1.510–3.638) and stunting. MDD (p = 0.845) and MAD (p = 0.229) were not associated with stunting. The multivariate analysis showed that children who did not meet MMF (aOR = 1.648; 95% CI: 1.130–2.404), were male (aOR = 1.621; 95% CI: 1.118–2.348), were aged 12–23 months (aOR = 3.103; 95% CI: 1.858–5.180), and lived in households with two or more children under five (aOR = 1.793; 95% CI: 1.017–3.164) had higher odds of stunting. Vitamin A supplementation was retained in the final model as a confounding variable. Child age was the factor most strongly associated with stunting. Nutrition education and feeding assistance should be strengthened during the 12–23-month period, particularly regarding age-appropriate meal frequency, accompanied by growth monitoring for male children and children living in households with two or more children under five.