Anemia di Indonesia termasuk masalah kesehatan moderate. Pada remaja, kondisi anemia dapat menyebabkan penurunan perkembangan fisik, produktifitas, dan multiple intelegence, dimana kondisi tersebut dapat menurunkan prestasi belajar, lebih parahnya lagi status anemia pada remaja bisa berlanjut pada fase kehidupan selanjutnya. Indonesia merupakan negara dengan kondisi geografis yang beragam, sehingga dapat memberikan kesenjangan status kesehatan antara perdesaan dan perkotaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan faktor dominan status anemia remaja usia 10-18 tahun di perdesaan dan di perkotaan. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional menggunakan data sekunder SKI tahun 2023 yang dilakukan pada periode Juli 2025 sampai Juni 2026. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah remaja putri usia 10-18 tahun yang menjadi responden SKI 2023 dan masuk kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi (n=1543). Proporsi anemia remaja putri di perdesaan adalah 21,1%, dan 19,8% di wilayah perkotaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara usia (OR=1,846; 95% CI: 1,227-2,867; p=0,004), status gizi (p=0,004), konsumsi TTD (OR=1,543; 95% CI: 1,025-2,323; p=0,038), dan asupan telur dan hasil olahannya (OR=1,602; 95% CI: 1,027-2,4999; p=0,038),  dengan status anemia remaja putri di perdesaan. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan kacang-kacangan biji-bijian dan hasil olahannya (OR=0,682; 95% CI: 0,468-0,994; p=0,046) dan pendidikan (p=0,043) dengan status anemia remaja putri di perkotaan. Faktor dominan status anemia remaja putri di perdesaan adalah usia dimana remaja putri usia 15-18 tahun memiliki odds mengalami anemia 3 kali dibanding usia 10-14 tahun. Sedangkan di perkotaan tidak ditemukan faktor dominan.

Anemia remains a moderate public health problem in Indonesia. Among adolescents, anemia may lead to impaired physical development, reduced productivity, and decreased multiple intelligences, which can negatively affect academic performance. More importantly, anemia during adolescence may persist into later stages of life. Indonesia's diverse geographical conditions may contribute to disparities in health status between rural and urban areas. This study aimed to examine differences in the dominant factors associated with anemia among female adolescents aged 10–18 years in rural and urban areas of Indonesia. This study employed a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (Survei Kesehatan Indonesia/SKI). The study was conducted between July 2025 and June 2026. The study population consisted of female adolescents aged 10–18 years who participated in the 2023 SKI (n=1543). The prevalence of anemia among female adolescents was 21.1% in rural areas and 19.8% in urban areas.The results showed that age (OR = 1.846; 95% CI: 1.227–2.867; p = 0.004), nutritional status (p = 0.004), iron supplementation tablet (TTD) consumption (OR = 1.543; 95% CI: 1.025–2.323; p = 0.038), and egg and egg-product consumption (OR = 1.602; 95% CI: 1.027–2.499; p = 0.038) were significantly associated with anemia among female adolescents in rural areas. In urban areas, consumption of legumes, seeds, and their processed products (OR = 0.682; 95% CI: 0.468–0.994; p = 0.046) and educational level (p = 0.043) were significantly associated with anemia status among female adolescents. The dominant factor associated with anemia among female adolescents in rural areas was age, with adolescents aged 15–18 years having three times higher odds of experiencing anemia compared to those aged 10–14 years. In contrast, no dominant factor was identified among adolescent girls in urban areas.