Bunuh diri merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat global dan pada tahun 2021 menempati peringkat ketiga penyebab kematian pada kelompok usia 15-29 tahun. Di Indonesia, Kabupaten Gunungkidul secara konsisten mencatat sekitar 20-30 kasus bunuh diri setiap tahun dan menjadi salah satu wilayah dengan beban kasus yang tinggi di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta meskipun telah tersedia regulasi dan program penanggulangan bunuh diri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas Program Penanggulangan Bunuh Diri di Kabupaten Gunungkidul berdasarkan kerangka Theory of Change. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan telaah dokumen pada Mei-Juni 2026. Informan dipilih secara purposive samping dan terdiri atas Dinas Kesehatan, Dinas Sosial, Tim Pelaksana Kesehatan Jiwa Masyarakat (TPKJM), puskesmas, rumah sakit, kepolisian, organisasi masyarakat, penyintas, dan keluarga terdampak. Analisis data dilakukan dengan triangulasi sumber dan dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program telah didukung oleh regulasi daerah, TPKJM, kegiatan promosi kesehatan, deteksi dini, penanganan percobaan bunuh diri, serta pendampingan penyintas dan keluarga. Namun, masih ditemukan keterbatasan sumber daya manusia kesehatan jiwa, belum tersedianya anggaran khusus program serta koordinasi lintas sektor yang belum optimal. Pada tahun 2025 dilakukan skrining kesehatan jiwa terhadap 23.625 orang dan ditemukan 339 individu berisiko yang seluruhnya mendapatkan tindak lanjut. Walaupun demikin cakupan deteksi dini masih rendah. Selain itu, terdapat empat kasus percobaan bunuh diri yang berhasil diidentifikasi dan ditangani sesuai prosedur. Hasil pemantauan menunjukkan tidak terdapat pengulangan percobaan bunuh diri pada seluruh kasus yang mendapatkan pendampingan. Disimpulkan bahwa Program Penanggulangan Bunuh Diri di Kabupaten Gunungkidul telah diimplementasikan, namun efektivitasnya belum optimal. Tantangan utama masih ditemukan pada komponen input, activities, dan output. Rekomendasi penelitian meliputi penguatan kapasitas sumber daya, perluasan cakupan deteksi dini, peningkatan koordinasi lintas sektor, upaya pengurangan stigma terhadap masalah kesehatan jiwa, serta penguatan sistem pencatatan dan pelaporan untuk meminimalkan underreporting kasus.

Suicide is a global public health problem and was the third leading cause of death among individuals aged 15-29 years in 2021. In Indonesia, Gunungkidul Regency has consistently recorded approximately 20-30 suicide cases annually and remains one of the areas with the highest suicide burden in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, despite the implementation of suicide prevention policies and programs. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Suicide Prevention Program in Gunungkidul Regency using the Theory of Change framework. This study employed a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews conducted from May to June 2026. Informants were selected using purposive sampling and included representatives from the Health Office, Social Affairs Office, Community Mental Health Implementation Team (TPKJM), primary health centers, hospitals, police department, community organizations, suicide attempt survivors, and affected family members. Data were analyzed using source and document triangulation. The findings showed that the program has been supported by local regulations, the establishment of TPKJM, health promotion activities, early detection initiatives, suicide attempt management, and post-crisis care for survivors and their families. However, several challenges remain, including limited mental health human resources, the absence of a dedicated budget allocation, and suboptimal cross-sectoral coordination. In 2025, mental health screening was conducted among 23,625 individuals, identifying 339 at-risk individuals, all of whom received follow-up interventions. Nevertheless, the overall screening coverage remained relatively low. In addition, four suicide attempt cases were successfully identified and managed according to established procedures. Follow-up monitoring indicated that none of these individuals experienced a repeated suicide attempt during the observation period. In conclusion, the Suicide Prevention Program in Gunungkidul Regency has been implemented and has demonstrated achievements in case response and reducing the risk of repeated suicide attempts. However, its overall effectiveness requires further strengthening through improvements in human resources, expansion of early detection coverage, enhanced cross-sectoral coordination, stigma reduction efforts, and a more integrated reporting system to minimize underreporting of suicide cases.