Depresi merupakan salah satu gangguan mental dengan beban tertinggi di Indonesia, namun kesenjangan pengobatan (treatment gap) masih sangat lebar. Kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan berpotensi menurunkan hambatan finansial dalam pencarian pengobatan, tetapi bukti empiris pada populasi bergejala depresi di Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis Hubungan Kepemilikan Asuransi Kesehatan dengan Pencarian Pengobatan pada individu bergejala depresi di Indonesia berdasarkan kerangka Model Perilaku Pemanfaatan Layanan Kesehatan Andersen (1995). Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan data sekunder Indonesia Family Life Survey gelombang kelima (IFLS-5) tahun 2014–2015. Sampel analitik terdiri dari 7.241 individu berusia ≥15 tahun dengan skor CES-D ≥10. Variabel dependen adalah pencarian pengobatan rawat jalan dalam empat minggu terakhir. Data dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat dengan design-based F-test (koreksi Rao-Scott), dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik biner tertimbang (survey-weighted). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 7.241 individu bergejala depresi, hanya 21,8% yang mencari pengobatan (treatment gap = 78,2%). Setelah dikontrol oleh faktor predisposisi, enabling, dan need, kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan secara signifikan meningkatkan odds pencarian pengobatan (OR = 1,216; 95% CI: 1,061–1,393; p = 0,005) dengan peningkatan probabilitas absolut sebesar 3,1 percentage points. Disagregasi jenis asuransi menunjukkan bahwa hanya JKN/BPJS yang memiliki efek signifikan (OR = 1,257; p = 0,003). Kondisi kronis merupakan prediktor terkuat (OR = 3,242 untuk ≥2 kondisi kronis). Variabel lain yang signifikan meliputi jenis kelamin, status pernikahan, tingkat pendidikan, status pekerjaan, dan kuintil pengeluaran per kapita, sedangkan usia dan wilayah tempat tinggal tidak signifikan. Lima analisis robustness mengkonfirmasi konsistensi temuan utama. Kesimpulannya, kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dan robust terhadap pencarian pengobatan pada individu bergejala depresi, namun efeknya yang moderat dan treatment gap yang masih lebar menunjukkan bahwa proteksi finansial saja tidak cukup. Diperlukan intervensi multidimensi yang mengintegrasikan optimalisasi pemanfaatan JKN, integrasi skrining depresi dalam layanan penyakit kronis di fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama, serta penanganan hambatan non-finansial berupa stigma dan rendahnya literasi kesehatan mental.

Depression is one of the mental disorders with the highest burden in Indonesia, yet the treatment gap remains very wide. Health insurance ownership has the potential to reduce financial barriers to treatment seeking, but empirical evidence among the population with depressive symptoms in Indonesia remains limited. This study aims to analyze the association between health insurance ownership and treatment seeking among individuals with depressive symptoms in Indonesia based on Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Utilization (1995). The study employed a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the fifth wave of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS-5) 2014–2015. The analytical sample comprised 7,241 individuals aged ≥15 years with CES-D scores ≥10. The dependent variable was outpatient treatment seeking within the last four weeks. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate with design-based F-test (Rao-Scott correction), and multivariate survey-weighted binary logistic regression. The results showed that of 7,241 individuals with depressive symptoms, only 21.8% sought treatment (treatment gap = 78.2%). After controlling for predisposing, enabling, and need factors, health insurance ownership significantly increased the odds of treatment seeking (OR = 1.216; 95% CI: 1.061–1.393; p = 0.005), with an absolute increase in probability of 3.1 percentage points. Disaggregation by insurance type revealed that only JKN/BPJS had a significant effect (OR = 1.257; p = 0.003). Chronic conditions were the strongest predictor (OR = 3.242 for ≥2 chronic conditions). Other significant variables included sex, marital status, education level, employment status, and per capita expenditure quintile, while age and area of residence were not significant. Five robustness analyses confirmed the consistency of the main findings. In conclusion, health insurance ownership shows a significant and robust association with treatment seeking among individuals with depressive symptoms; however, its moderate effect and the persistently wide treatment gap suggest that financial protection alone is insufficient. Multidimensional interventions are needed, integrating the optimization of JKN utilization, incorporation of depression screening within chronic disease services at primary healthcare facilities, and addressing non-financial barriers such as stigma and low mental health literacy.