Abstrak
Pemanasan global telah meningkatkan jumlah pekerja yang terpajan tekanan panas di lingkungan kerja, sehingga meningkatkan risiko gangguan kesehatan akibat panas serta menurunkan produktivitas dan kinerja. Perubahan iklim juga meningkatkan kejadian suhu ekstrem di lingkungan kerja, sehingga pajanan panas menjadi isu penting dalam kesehatan kerja. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan evaluasi mengenai hubungan tekanan panas dan karakteristik individu dengan respons fisiologis pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi hubungan tekanan panas dan karakteristik individu dengan respons fisiologis pekerja yang terpajan tekanan panas. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional pada 30 pekerja fabrikasi di PT XYZ. Pengukuran suhu inti tubuh, denyut nadi, dan tekanan darah dilakukan sebelum bekerja (pre-test) dan setelah 3–4 jam bekerja (post-test). Karakteristik individu yang dinilai meliputi usia, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), status hidrasi, kondisi kesehatan, status aklimatisasi, dan konsumsi alkohol. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat. Uji Wilcoxon digunakan untuk menganalisis perbedaan nilai pre-test dan post-test, uji Pearson digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan antarvariabel, sedangkan uji Mann-Whitney dan Kruskal-Wallis digunakan untuk menganalisis perbedaan respons fisiologis berdasarkan karakteristik individu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) lingkungan kerja berada pada rentang 29,55–31,30°C dengan kelembapan udara 41,47–55,90%. Berdasarkan Nilai Ambang Batas (NAB), seluruh responden dikategorikan mengalami tekanan panas. Sebagian besar responden berusia lebih dari 30 tahun, memiliki IMT berlebih, dan mengalami dehidrasi. Terdapat perubahan signifikan pada respons fisiologis setelah pajanan tekanan panas, yaitu peningkatan suhu inti tubuh hingga 0,6°C, peningkatan denyut nadi hingga 12%, dan peningkatan tekanan darah sekitar 3%. Namun, hubungan antara tekanan panas dan respons fisiologis tidak dapat dianalisis karena seluruh responden terpajan tekanan panas. Selain itu, tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara karakteristik individu dan respons fisiologis. Kesimpulannya, pajanan tekanan panas di lingkungan kerja menyebabkan perubahan fisiologis pada pekerja, terutama peningkatan denyut nadi dan tekanan darah. Namun, pengaruh karakteristik individu terhadap respons fisiologis belum dapat dipastikan karena keterbatasan variasi data.
Global warming has increased the number of workers exposed to occupational heat stress, thereby increasing the risk of heat-related health disorders and reducing productivity and work performance. Climate change has also increased the occurrence of extreme temperatures in the workplace, making heat exposure an important issue in occupational health. Therefore, an evaluation of the relationship between heat stress, individual characteristics, and workers' physiological responses is necessary. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between heat stress and individual characteristics with the physiological responses of workers exposed to heat stress. This study employed a cross-sectional design involving 30 fabrication workers at PT XYZ. Core body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure were measured before work (pre-test) and after 3–4 hours of work (post-test). Individual characteristics assessed included age, body mass index (BMI), hydration status, health condition, acclimatization status, and alcohol consumption. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses. The Wilcoxon test was used to analyze differences between pre-test and post-test values, Pearson's test was used to analyze relationships between variables, while the Mann-Whitney and KruskalWallis tests were used to analyze differences in physiological responses based on individual characteristics. The results showed that the workplace Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) ranged from 29.55°C to 31.30°C, with relative humidity ranging from 41.47% to 55.90%. Based on the Threshold Limit Value (TLV), all respondents were categorized as being exposed to heat stress. Most respondents were over 30 years old, had excess BMI, and were dehydrated. Significant changes in physiological responses were observed after heat exposure, including an increase in core body temperature of up to 0.6°C, an increase in heart rate of up to 12%, and an increase in blood pressure of approximately 3%. However, the relationship between heat stress and physiological responses could not be analyzed because all respondents were exposed to heat stress. In addition, no significant association was found between individual characteristics and physiological responses. In conclusion, occupational heat stress causes physiological changes in workers, particularly increases in heart rate and blood pressure. However, the influence of individual characteristics on physiological responses could not be determined due to limited data variability.