Gangguan kognitif menjadi isu kesehatan masyarakat yang semakin penting seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah populasi lansia akibat bertambahnya Usia Harapan Hidup (UHH). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan gangguan kognitif pada penduduk usia ≥ 45 tahun di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder gelombang pertama Indonesian Longitudinal Aging Survey (ILAS) tahun 2023. Status gangguan kognitif diukur menggunakan instrumen Six-Item Screener (SIS). Analisis hubungan antara gangguan kognitif dan faktor risiko dilakukan menggunakan uji chi-square dan perhitungan Prevalence Ratio (PR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 3.708 responden, prevalensi gangguan kognitif sebesar 26.2%. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan gangguan kognitif adalah kelompok lanjut usia ≥60 tahun (PR=1.84; 95% CI: 1.65–2.05), tingkat pendidikan rendah (PR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.29–1.68), status perkawinan tanpa pasangan hidup (PR=1.37; 95% CI: 1.22–1.54), tidak bekerja (PR=1.27; 95% CI: 1.02–1.59), pernah bekerja namun tidak lagi bekerja (PR=1.39; 95% CI: 1.24–1.57), status ADL ketergantungan (PR=2.68; 95% CI: 1.78–4.04), dan merokok (PR=1.14; 95% CI: 1.02–1.26). Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar dalam mengembangkan intervensi kesehatan masyarakat yang tepat sasaran untuk mencegah gangguan kognitif, terutama pada kelompok lanjut usia, tingkat pendidikan rendah, dan individu dengan keterbatasan aktivitas sehari-hari.

Cognitive impairment is becoming an increasingly critical public health issue as the elderly population grows due to rising life expectancy. This study aims to identify factors associated with cognitive impairment among individuals aged 45 years and older in Indonesia. This study employed a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the first wave of the 2023 Indonesian Longitudinal Aging Survey (ILAS). Cognitive impairment status was measured using the Six-Item Screener (SIS). The relationship between cognitive impairment and risk factors was analyzed using the chi-square test and Prevalence Ratio (PR) calculations. The results showed that among 3,708 respondents, the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 26.2%. Factors significantly associated with cognitive impairment included being aged 60 years or older (PR=1.84; 95% CI: 1.65–2.05), having a low level of education (PR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.29–1.68), being unmarried /without a spouse (PR=1.37; 95% CI: 1.22–1.54), being unemployed (PR=1.27; 95% CI: 1.02–1.59), having previously worked but no longer working (PR=1.39; 95% CI: 1.24–1.57), and dependence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (PR=2.68; 95% CI: 1.78–4.04), and smoking (PR=1.14; 95% CI: 1.02–1.26). The results of this study are expected to serve as a basis for developing targeted public health interventions to prevent cognitive impairment, particularly among the elderly, those with low educational levels, and individuals with limitations in activities of daily living.