Sindrom metabolik merupakan kumpulan faktor risiko kardiometabolik yang semakin meningkat di Indonesia. Studi ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi determinan biopsikososial yang berhubungan dengan sindrom metabolik pada penduduk usia ≥15 tahun, menggunakan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023. Sebanyak 17.766 responden dianalisis menggunakan regresi logistik multivariat. Prevalensi sindrom metabolik tercatat sebesar 37,7%, lebih tinggi pada perempuan (44,2%) dibandingkan laki-laki (28,2%), dan meningkat pada usia ≥45 tahun. Komponen paling umum adalah hipertensi dan obesitas sentral. Lingkar perut (AOR: 4,00; 95%CI: 3,80–4,20) dan rasio lingkar perut terhadap tinggi badan (AOR: 3,95; 95%CI: 3,75–4,15) merupakan determinan biomedis terkuat. Paparan rokok aktif dan pasif, serta konsumsi alkohol, meningkatkan risiko, sementara aktivitas fisik menunjukkan efek protektif. Konsumsi makanan ultra proses tingkat sedang dan tinggi (AOR: 1,12–1,22) serta konsumsi sedang makanan berlemak dan berbumbu juga meningkatkan risiko secara signifikan. Hasil ini menunjukkan perlunya intervensi yang lebih terarah pada kelompok perempuan dewasa dan lansia, melalui strategi promosi gaya hidup sehat dan pengendalian obesitas sentral untuk menurunkan beban sindrom metabolik di Indonesia.

Metabolic syndrome is a growing public health concern in Indonesia, involving a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors. This study aimed to identify biopsychosocial determinants associated with metabolic syndrome among individuals aged ≥15 years using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI). A total of 17,766 respondents were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 37.7%, higher among women (44.2%) than men (28.2%), and increased significantly in those aged ≥45 years. The most common components were hypertension and central obesity. Key biomedical predictors included waist circumference (AOR: 4.00; 95% CI: 3.80–4.20) and waist-to-height ratio (AOR: 3.95; 95% CI: 3.75–4.15). Psychosocial factors such as active/passive smoking and alcohol consumption increased the risk, while higher levels of physical activity were protective. Additionally, moderate and high consumption of ultra-processed foods (AOR: 1.12–1.22) and moderate intake of fatty and seasoned foods were significantly associated with increased risk. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions, especially for adult and older women, focusing on healthy lifestyle promotion and central obesity control to reduce the burden of metabolic syndrome in Indonesia.