Angka keberhasilan pengobatan TBC RO di Indonesia masih rendah, yaitu 45–68% pada tahun 2011-2023, dengan angka putus berobat sekitar 10–30%, dan angka kematian sekitar 11–20%. Sejak Agustus 2020, Indonesia mulai mengimplementasikan paduan jangka pendek oral 9 bulan untuk pengobatan TBC RO. Namun, data nasional menunjukkan efektivitasnya belum lebih baik dibandingkan dengan paduan jangka panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi determinan keberhasilan pengobatan pasien TBC RO dengan paduan jangka pendek oral 9 bulan di Indonesia tahun 2021–2023. Desain penelitian adalah kohort retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder dari Sistem Informasi Tuberkulosis (SITB). Subjek penelitian adalah seluruh pasien TBC RO yang memulai pengobatan pada 2021–2023 dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi (total sampling, n=6.727). Analisis multivariat dilakukan dengan cox regression. Sebanyak 3.342 pasien (49,68%) berhasil menyelesaikan pengobatan. Pola resistensi, kepatuhan terhadap pengobatan, dan konversi sputum dalam ≤4 bulan merupakan determinan keberhasilan pengobatan TBC RO dengan paduan jangka pendek oral 9 bulan. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengembangkan model prediksi keberhasilan pengobatan berbasis fungsi cox regression. Model menunjukkan kemampuan diskriminatif yang sangat baik, dengan nilai AUC sebesar 0,941 (95% CI: 0,935–0,946). Model ini berpotensi digunakan sebagai alat bantu identifikasi pasien berisiko rendah atau tinggi dalam pengobatan TBC RO. Diperlukan pemantauan pengobatan secara ketat, pendampingan pasien oleh faskes dan komunitas, serta pemanfaatan teknologi digital dalam monitoring pengobatan untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan pengobatan.

Treatment success for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in Indonesia is still low, with rates between 45% and 68% from 2011 to 2023. Loss to follow-up ranged from 10% to 30%, and death rates were around 11% to 20%. Since August 2020, Indonesia has started using a 9-month all-oral shorter treatment regimen. However, national data show that this regimen does not perform better than the longer one. This study aimed to find the factors that influence treatment success among DR-TB patients who received the 9-month all-oral regimen in Indonesia from 2021 to 2023. This study used a retrospective cohort study using secondary data from the national Tuberculosis Information System (SITB). The study included all DR-TB patients who started treatment between 2021 and 2023 and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria (total sample: 6,727 patients). Multivariate analysis was conducted using cox regression. A total of 3,342 patients (49.68%) successfully completed treatment. Drug resistance patterns, treatment adherence, and sputum conversion within ≤4 months were identified as key determinants of treatment success under the 9-month all-oral regimen. In addition, this study developed a predictive model for treatment success using Cox regression. The model demonstrated excellent discriminatory performance, with an AUC of 0.941 (95% CI: 0.935–0.946). This predictive tool has the potential to identify high- and low-risk patients of unsuccessful treatment outcomes in drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) management. Strengthened treatment monitoring, patient support by healthcare facilities and communities, and the use of digital technologies for treatment monitoring are needed to improve treatment outcomes.