Ketidakseimbangan gizi pada 1000 hari pertama kehidupan anak atau malnutrisi dapat menyebabkan terganggunya perkembangan dan pertumbuhan anak. Infeksi penyakit, wilayah tempat tinggal, sanitasi yang buruk dan keterbatasan akses air minum merupakan salah satu faktor yang berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan malnutrisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis malnutrisi dengan pendekatan spasial (by place) dan statistik dengan menggunakan data sekunder SKI 2023. Variabel dependen meliputi malnutrisi balita (stunting, wasting dan underweight). Variabel independen yaitu penyakit infeksi balita (ISPA, pneumonia, dan diare) dan faktor lingkungan rumah tangga (akses air minum, sumber air minum, sanitasi rumah tangga, higiene dasar, rumah layak huni). Analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji korelasi spearman/pearson dan pemetaan menggunakan Quantum GIS versi 3.38.2. Diare berkorelasi sedang dengan malnutrisi. Akses air minum (lama waktu >30 menit), sanitasi belum layak, tidak ada higiene dasar, dan rumah layak huni berkorelasi kuat dengan stunting. Sumber air minum air permukaan berkorelasi kuat dengan stunting, wasting, dan underweight. Papua Pegunungan, Papua Tengah, Papua Selatan, Nusa Tenggara Timur, dan Papua Barat merupakan wilayah dengan tingkat kerawanan malnutrisi tertinggi. Perlu adanya intervensi multisektoral untuk menangani malnutrisi di Indonesia.

Nutritional imbalance during the first 1,000 days of life has been shown to significantly  impair a child’s growth and development. Various factors such as infectious diseases,  geographic location, inadequate sanitation, and limited access to safe drinking water  contribute to the prevalence of malnutrition among children. This study aimed to analyze  child malnutrition in Indonesia using a spatial and statistical approach, based on  secondary data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI). The dependent variables  were the three main indicators of child malnutrition: stunting, wasting, and underweight.  Independent variables included infectious diseases in children (acute respiratory  infections, pneumonia, and diarrhea) and household environmental factors (access to  drinking water, water source, household sanitation, basic hygiene, and adequacy of  housing conditions). Analytical methods included Spearman’s or Pearson’s correlation  tests and spatial mapping using Quantum GIS version 3.38.2. The results indicated that  diarrhea was moderately correlated with malnutrition, while prolonged access to drinking  water (>30 minutes), unimproved sanitation, absence of basic hygiene facilities, and  inadequate housing showed strong correlations with stunting. Furthermore, the use of  surface water sources was strongly associated with all three malnutrition indicators:  stunting, wasting, and underweight. The most vulnerable regions identified were  Highland Papua, Central Papua, South Papua, East Nusa Tenggara, and Southwest Papua.  These findings underscore the urgent need for integrated, multisectoral interventions  targeting nutrition, infectious disease prevention, and improvements in basic household  infrastructure.