Keluhan otot dan tulang rangka masih kerap ditemukan pada pekerja pembuatan batik, khususnya nyeri punggung bawah (NPB). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan menganalisis faktor risiko NPB, meliputi faktor fisik, peralatan, lingkungan, dan individu. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional menggunakan teknik total sampling di salah satu rumah batik Pekalongan. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar kerja REBA, NMQ, dan kuesioner faktor risiko terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh pekerja pernah merasakan keluhan NPB, baik akut maupun kronis dengan frekuensi yang variatif. Sebanyak 4 dari 6 aktivitas teridentifikasi memiliki tingkat risiko ergonomi tinggi (nyolet, nylerek, nglorot, dan penjemuran). Peralatan (kursi, gawangan, dan tiang penjemuran) memiliki ketidaksesuaian dimensi dengan antropometri pekerja. Mayoritas pekerja merasa pencahayaan dan suhu tempat kerja sudah nyaman tetapi tetap merasakan keluhan NPB. Diduga perempuan dan indeks massa tubuh yang tinggi lebih berisiko merasakan keluhan NPB dengan pertimbangan kondisi pekerjaan yang mengharuskan pekerja duduk dalam waktu yang lama. Perlu dilakukan upaya perbaikan pada kursi (tinggi alas 36,7 cm; panjang alas 38,6 cm; lebar alas 47,1 cm; tinggi sandaran 56,3 cm), gawangan (tinggi 111 cm), dan tiang penjemuran (tinggi 133,7), serta upaya administratif seperti memasang poster edukasi peregangan dan memberikan waktu peregangan di sela pekerjaan guna meminimalisasi timbulnya NPB.

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Musculoskeletal complaints are still often found among batik-making workers, especially low back pain (LBP). This study aims to explain and analyze the risk factors for LBP, including physical, equipment, environmental, and individual factors. This study is a descriptive observational with a cross-sectional approach using total sampling technique in one of the Pekalongan batik houses. Data collection used REBA worksheets, NMQ, and related risk factor questionnaires. The results showed that all workers had felt complaints of LBP, both acute and chronic with varying frequencies. Four out of six activities were identified as having a high level of ergonomic risk (nyolet, nylerek, nglorot, and drying). The equipment (chairs, gawangan, and drying poles) had dimensional incompatibility with workers' anthropometry. Most of workers felt that the lighting and temperature of the workplace were comfortable but still felt complaints of LBP. It is suspected that women and high body mass index are more at risk of feeling LBP complaints with consideration of working conditions that require workers to sit for a long time. Modification need to be made to the chair (base height 36.7 cm; base length 38.6 cm; base width 47.1 cm; backrest height 56.3 cm), gawangan (height 111 cm), and drying pole (height 133.7), as well as administrative efforts such as installing stretching education posters and providing stretching time between jobs to minimize the incidence of LBP.