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Background : Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Indonesia is still high compared to the other ASEAN countries. It also well known that the major cause for infant and children mortality is infections, especially the upper respiratory tracts infection and diarrhea. Some of the prevention efforts on lowering the evidence of infections are by having a good nutrition management for infant and children, and one of them is an adequate and appropriate breastfeeding. A good start for breastfeeding is about 30 minutes after delivery, as it will be stimulate the continuity of releasing the breast-milk and the interaction between the mother and the baby will be taken place. The Indonesia DHS 2002-2003 showed that 95.5% under five have already have breast-milk, but from that figure only 38.7% of them are having the first breast-milk within one hour after delivery. Hence, there is an analysis on the factors related to the breastfeeding given within one hour after delivery toward data of the Indonesia DHS 2002-2003. Objective : Know about factors related to the breastfeeding given within one hour after delivery Methods : The study is a continuous analysis of the Indonesia DHS 2002-2003 with a cross-sectional design. The number of sample is 6.018, which are mothers who have the latest life child aged 0 to 24 months and still having breastfed and delivered without surgery. Data are analyzed using the application of double logistic regression. The analysis is consisting of the univariable, bivariable with simple logistic regression, and multivariable with multivariate logistic regression. Results : The study has found that the proportion of breastfeeding given within one hour after delivery as high as 38.28%. The multivariable analysis showed that factors related to the breastfeeding given within one hour after delivery are: the residential location, wanted pregnancy, the antenatal care provider, birth attendance, accessibility on radio, and newborn’s weight. There is an interaction between residential location and the antenatal care provider, wanted pregnancy and the antenatal care provider, and newborn’s weight and the birth attendance. Conclusions : The dominant factors related to the breastfeeding given within one hour after delivery is the antenatal care provider. There is a need to make an effort on: increasing the knowledge and motivation of the health provider on the importance of the immediate administration of breastfeeding to the newborn and the Exclusive Breastfeeding; increasing mother’s and pregnant mother’s knowledge on appropriate management of breastfeeding, as well as the socialization of family planning program. The efforts that should be supported by government policy, and also the collaboration between programs and inter-sectoral in order to reach the goals on the immediate administration of breastfeeding to the newborn and the exclusive breastfeeding. Keywords : Breastfed in first one hour, IDHS 2002-2003, multivariate logistic regression
Pemanfaatan tenaga penolong persalinan berhubungan secara tidak langsung dengan kematian ibu dan kematian bayi. Tingginya angka kematian ibu disebabkan adanya komplikasi persalinan dan terlambat dalam merujuk kasus yang berisiko tinggi, sedangkan tingginya angka kematian bayi disebabkan persalinan yang kurang bersih (steril) yang berisiko untuk terkena tetanus neonalorum. Pemanfaaatan tenaga kesehatan sebagai tenaga penolong persalinan dapat menangani komplikasi persalinan, dapat cepat mendeteksi kasus berisiko tinggi, dan merupakan persalinan yang higienis. Berbagai upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan cakupan persalinan tenaga kesehatan antara lain program Bidan di Desa (BdD), namun sampai sekarang cakupan persalinan masih tetap dibawah target. Pemanfaatan tenaga persalinan berkaitan dengan faktor sosio budaya masyarakat setempat dan karakteristik ibu. Untuk meningkatkan cakupan pemanfaatan tenaga kesehatan sebagai tenaga penolong persalinan, sangat memerlukan pengetahuan tentang faktor sosio budaya masyarakat dan karaktersitik ibu tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan tenaga penolong persalinan di Indonesia tahun 1997. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis data sekunder dari 20.080 responden yang merupakan responden dari Survey Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) Tahun 1997, Variabel yang diteliti adalah umur ibu, pendidikan ibu, tingkat sosial ekonomi, paritas, riwayat kehamilan ibu, antenatal care, kebiasaan membaca surat kabar, kebiasaan mendengar radio, kebiasaan menonton televisi, dan pendidikan suami. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional, dengan sampel adalah ibu yang pernah melahirkan. Data dikumpulkan dan diolah dengan perangkat lunak statistik khusus desain kompleks. Hasil penelitian menunjukkkan bahwa pemanfaatan tenaga kesehatan sebagai tenaga penolong persalinan (48,17 %) lebih rendah daripada pemanfaatan non tenaga kesehatan (51,83 %). Uji bivariat menemukan bahwa adanya hubungan antara pemanfaatan tenaga penolong persalinan dengan umur ibu, pendidikan ibu, tingkat sosial ekonomi, riwayat kehamilan, antenatal care, kebiasaan membaca surat kabar, kebiasaan mendengar radio, kebiasaan menonton televisi, dan pendidikan suami (pvalue <0,05), juga ditemukan tidak ada hubungan antara pemanfaatan tenaga penolong persalinan dengan paritas. Dan hasil uji multivariat ditemukan model yang terbaik dari deteminan pemanfaatan tenaga penolong persalinan adalah pendidikan ibu, tingkat sosial ekonomi, riwayat kehamilan, antenatal care kebiasaan membaca surat kabar, kebiasaan menonton televisi, dan pendidikan suami dan adanya variabel interaksi yang signifikan yaitu pendidikan dengan kebiasaan membaca surat kabar, pendidikan dengan antenatal care, dan tingkat sosial ekonomi dengan pendidikan suami. Pendidikan yang tinggi akan memudahkan penyerapan dan penerimaan informasi kesehatan terutama tentang pelayanan kesehatan kehamilan dan persalinan , tingkat sosial ekonomi yang rendah mendorong pemanfaatan non tenaga kesehatan sebagai tenaga penolong persalinan, dikarenakan non tenaga kesehatan dapat dibayar murah dan dapat dicicil. Pada keterpaparan ibu terhadap media massa ditemukan media massa dapat mendorong ibu untuk memanfaatkan tenaga kesehatan sebagai tenaga penolong persalinan. Pendidikan suami yang tinggi akan mendukung pengambilan keputusan untuk memanfaatkan tenaga kesehatan sebagai tenaga penolong persalinan. Berdasarkan hasil yang ditemukan, maka saran yang diajukan antara lain memberdayakan masyarakat terutama wanita dalam bidang pendidikan dan ekonomi, sehingga masyarakat terutama wanita dapat hidup mandiri dan berkualitas.
The utilization of delivery services related to the maternal mortally and the baby also. The increasing of maternal mortality is caused of complication and there is not konwledge about the high risk of delivery, and the increasing mortality of the baby is caused of unsterile delivery that can cause neonatorum tetanus. The utilization of delivery services is espacted to handle the complilcation and detect the high risk case of delivery to provide a hygenic delivery. There are so many ways to increase the scope of delivery services such as the midwife program in villages (BBD), but until now the scope of delivery is still under the target. The utilization of delivery service related to the sociological cultural factor and maternal characteristic in order to increase the scope of the utilization of delivery services. The purpose of this research is to know the factors that related to the utilization of delivery services in Indonesia in 1997. This research is a secondary data analysis from 20.080 respondents of demography survey and Indonesian health (SDKI) in 1997. The research consist of mother's age, educattion, social economic level, pregnancy history, antenatal care, the habit of reading a news paper, listening to the radio, watching televisionn and husband's education. Design of this research is cross sectional, and the sample is all of the woman who deliver their babies. This data is collected and made using the soft ware STATA version 6.0. The result of this research shows that the utilization of health services (49,8 %). The result of bivariat analysis shows that there is a relationship between the utilization of delivery services with mother's age, education, social economic level, pregnancy history, antenatal care, the habit of reading a newsaper, listtening to the radio,watching television and husband's education (pvalue <0,05) and there is no relationship between the utilization of delivery services and paritas. By multivariat analysis is found a great model from determinant of utilization of delivery services such as mother's education, social economic level, pregnancy history, antenatal care, the habit of reading a news paper, watching television and husband's education also the significant interaction variable that is education with the habit of reading a news paper, education with anternal care and social economic level husband's education. Education is a way to make the people easy to receive the health information especially about health care, pregnancy and delivery, low secial economic level makes the utilization of non health service as a delivery service because they can pay with the lower price. By reading, they can receive a knowledge and realize that it is important to delivered their babies by halped of delivery services. Husband's education influece also. Based on result of this research, it is important to develop the human resources, especially women in economic and education fields, so that the people can stand by them selves and live in good quality.