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Stunting merupakan permasalahan serius di seluruh dunia. Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia tahun 2023 sebesar 21,5% menurun 0,1% dari tahun 2022. Prevalensi stunting di DKI Jakarta sebesar 17,6% meningkat 2,8% dari tahun 2022 sedangkan Jakarta utara memiliki kenaikan prevalensi stunting terendah dari 4 Kota Administrasi di DKI Jakarta yaitu 1,3% dari tahun 2022 dengan prevalensi stunting sebesar 19,8%. Jakarta utara memiliki kebijakan berupa modul aksi cegah stunting yaitu Jakarta Utara menuju Zero Stunting. Berdasarkan data BPS tahun 2023, terdapat 13,33% perempuan usia 10 tahun ketas di Jakarta Utara yang tidak menyelesaikan pendidikannya dan terdapat 7,24% penduduk miskin di Jakarta Utara. Berdasarkan Perpres RI No. 72 Tahun 2021 tentang Percepatan Penurunan Stunting, target prevalensi stunting tahun 2024 sebesar 14%. Jakarta Utara masih memiliki gap sebesar 5,8% untuk mencapai target 14% prevalensi stunting di tahun 2024. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian mengenai analisis implementasi kebijakan stunting di Jakarta Utara dari aspek ekonomi berupa program pemberian susu, telur untuk balita bermasalah gizi, makanan tambahan bagi ibu hamil Kurang Energi Kronik (KEK) dan aspek pendidikan melalui edukasi stunting kepada ibu hamil dan orang tua balita sebagai upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan stunting. Model implemntasi kebijakan yang digunakan adalah model Van Meter Van Horn. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengambilan data melalui wawancara mendalam kepada 15 informan dari instansi pemerintah, orang tua balita dan ibu hamil serta FGD kepada kader posyandu di wilayah Cilincing dan Tanjung priok sebagai lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian dari aspek ekonomi pemberian susu dan telur bagi balita bermasalah gizi pada tahun 2023 berkontribusi terhadap pencegahan dan penanganan balita stunting di Jakarta Utara. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari 72,11% balita weight faltering mengalami kenaikan berat badan, 59,01% balita under weight sudah tidak under weight, 54,9% balita gizi kurang sudah tidak gizi kurang dan 45,34% gizi buruk sudah tidak menjadi gizi buruk serta 149 balita stunting sudah tidak menjadi stunting berdasarkan status gizi. Dari aspek pendidikan pemberian edukasi mengenai stunting kepada ibu hamil kurang optimal karena hanya 9,93% ibu hamil mendapatkan edukasi melalui kelas ibu yang dianggarkan oleh puskesmas di Jakarta Utara, namun semua orang tua balita bermasalah gizi sudah mendapatkan edukasi mengenai stunting. Diperlukan edukasi mengenai pencegahan dan penanganan stunting secara masif kepada ibu hamil dan orang tua balita serta perlu adanya regulasi mengenai pemberian pangan tinggi protein hewani bagi ibu hamil dan balita bermasalah gizi dan bagi balita dari keluarga dengan penghasilan di bawah UMP
Stunting is a serious problem throughout the world. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia in 2023 is 21.5%, a decrease of 0.1% from 2022. The prevalence of stunting in DKI Jakarta is 17.6%, an increase of 2.8% from 2022, while North Jakarta has the lowest increase in stunting prevalence of the 4 Administrative Cities in DKI Jakarta, namely 1.3% from 2022 with a stunting prevalence of 19.8%. North Jakarta has a policy in the form of an action module to prevent stunting, namely North Jakarta towards Zero Stunting. Based on BPS data for 2023, there are 13.33% of women aged 10 years and above in North Jakarta who have not completed their education and there are 7.24% of poor people in North Jakarta. Based on RI Presidential Decree No. 72 of 2021 concerning the Acceleration of Reducing Stunting, the target for stunting prevalence in 2024 is 14%. North Jakarta still has a gap of 5.8% to achieve the target of 14% stunting prevalence in 2024. Therefore research was conducted regarding the analysis of the implementation of stunting policies in North Jakarta from an economic aspect in the form of programs providing milk, eggs for toddlers with nutritional problems, additional food. for pregnant women with Chronic Energy Deficiency (KEK) and educational aspects through stunting education for pregnant women and parents of toddlers as an effort to prevent and overcome stunting. The policy implementation model used is the Van Meter Van Horn model. This research is qualitative research with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 15 informants from government agencies, parents of toddlers and pregnant women as well as FGDs with posyandu cadres in the Cilincing and Tanjung Priok areas as research locations. The results of research from the economic aspect of providing milk and eggs to toddlers with nutritional problems in 2023 will contribute to the prevention and handling of stunting toddlers in North Jakarta. This can be seen from 72.11% of underweight toddlers experiencing weight gain, 59.01% of underweight toddlers are no longer underweight, 54.9% of underweight toddlers are no longer underweight and 45.34% of underweight toddlers are no longer underweight. malnutrition and 149 stunted toddlers were no longer stunted based on nutritional status. From an educational aspect, providing education about stunting to pregnant women is less than optimal because only 9.93% of pregnant women receive education through maternal classes budgeted for by the community health center in North Jakarta, but all parents of toddlers with nutritional problems have received education about stunting. Massive education regarding the prevention and handling of stunting is needed for pregnant women and parents of toddlers and there is a need for regulations regarding providing food high in animal protein for pregnant women and toddlers with nutritional problems and for toddlers from families with incomes below the UMP
Kata kunci: AIDS; HIV; Implementasi Kebijakan; Kota Tangerang;
PPIA PMTCT is part of a series of HIV and AIDS control efforts. The ultimate goal is that infants born to mothers with HIV are released from HIV, and mothers and infants remain alive and well. Currently with the Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 43 of 2016 on Minimum Service Standards (MSP) of the health sector for the District / City explicitly states that everyone is at risk of HIV infection (pregnant women, TB patients, STI patients, transgender, drug users, and prisoners) get standard HIV testing with 100% achievement targets. This target is quite heavy when looking at data PMTCT achievement during this time is still very low. Regular data of Tangerang City Health Office in 2017, coverage of first antenatal visit to health worker of Tangerang City has reached 100% but the number of pregnant women tested by HIV is only 4,230 people or only 10% (SIHA, 2017). Therefore, the researcher conducted analysis of policy implementation of Prevention of Mother to Child of HIV Transmission (PMTCT) to get in-depth information how the implementation of PMTCT policy in Tangerang City 2017. This research is a qualitative research with data collection technique in depth interview and focus group discussion. Triangulation of sources is done by comparing data obtained from one informant with another informant. The study of the documents produced, as well as the literature study done as a comparison to the information that has been obtained. The results showed that the implementation of PMTCT policy in Tangerang City in 2017 still not in accordance with the policy in PMTCT Program Management Guidelines and Implementation Guidelines of PMTCT, so that the output has not depicted the implementation of PMTCT as a whole. Communication factors are factors that affect implementation, especially communication with clinics, private hospitals and independent midwives. Resource factors, especially facilities, need to be considered for the distribution of reagents and RDT not only in puskesmas but also to private health care facilities. Disposition factors, especially the commitment to Tangerang City Hospital is able to become a reference hospital PPIA. Bureaucratic structural factors need to be established cross-program / cross-sectoral teams in PPIA services joining HIV topics, as well as strengthening the recording and reporting of independent midwives on indicators of pregnant women tested for HIV and HIV-positive pregnant women. Socio-economic conditions support PMTCT services with a free health insurance program through Universal Health Coverage (UHC) for all citizens of Tangerang City. However, there are still stigma and discrimination that can prevent pregnant women from testing HIV.
Key words: AIDS; HIV; PMTCT; policy implementation; Tangerang City
ABSTRAK
Tesis ini membahas kesiapan puskesmas di Kabupaten Ketapang dalam menyongsongImplementasi Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional 2014 nanti. Penelitian ini adalahpenelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional dilengkapi dengan wawancara.Dari hasil analisis variabel penelitian didapatkan bahwa tidak ada puskesmas yangsiap dilihat dari dimensi utilisasi dan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitimenyarankan agar Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Ketapang menambah sumber dayapuskesmas seperti tenaga kesehatan inti yaitu dokter, dokter gigi, perawat, dan bidan;juga peralatan dan obat pelayanan kesehatan dasar; dengan melakukan advokasi kepemerintah daerah untuk menambah anggaran kesehatan.
ABSTRACT
Readiness in order to facing the implementation of the National Health Insurance2014. This study was a quantitative research with cross sectional design featuresinterview with key informants. From the analysis of the study variables mentionedthat no primary health care is ready viewed from the dimensions of utilization andquality of health services. Researchers suggested that the health departement inKetapang Regency to adds resources center specially for the core professional suchas doctors, dentists, nurses, and midwives; other things is also for equipment andprimary health care medicines; by advocating to local governments for increase thehealth budget.
Kebijakan untuk meningkatkan pendidikan dan wawasan berfikir tenaga Gerakan Keluarga Berencana Nasional (GKBN) Badan Koordinasi Keluarga Berencana (BKKBN) yang masih berpendidikan SLTA merupakan tindakan yang positif bagi pengembangan sumber daya manusia.Upaya untuk meningkatkan pendidikan tenaga penyuluh lapangan keluarga berencana (PLKB) dan pengawas (PLKB) sejalan dengan kebijakan Mental Aparatur Negara RI. (Menpan RI)) untuk meningkatkan jabatan mereka menjadi jabatan fungsional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi (pelaksanaan) kebijakan kerjasama di bidang pendidikan jarak jauh antara BKKBN dengan UT.Metoda penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam di bidang pendidikan jarak jauh (PJJ), telaahan dokumen sebagai data sekunder dan diskusi kelompok terarah (DKT) dengan peserta didik program kerja sama (PLKB dan PPLKB).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kamponen masukan yang berkaitan dengan kebijakan kerjasama yang dilakukan oleh Badan Koordinasi Keluarga Berencana Nasional dan Universitas Terbuka untuk meningkatkan pendidikan PLKB dan PPLKB yang bertempat tinggal dan bekerja di seluruh pelosok Indonesia dapat dilakukan dengan baik. Kedudukan tim pembina yang terdiri dari unsur satuan tugas BKKBN propinsi/kabupaten/kota dan unit pelaksana belajar jarak jauh (UPBJJ) dapat digunakan dengan baik oleh peserta didik, namun uraian tugas dan fungsi belum terinci akibat belum adanya petunjuk pelaksanaan dan petunjuk teknis yang jelas yang semestinya dibuat oleh UT. Komponen proses yang berkaitan dengan koordinasi antara tim pengelola (BKKBN pusat dan UT pusat) dengan tim pembina BKKBN propinsifkabupatenfkota (satgas dan UPBJJ) cukup dilaksanakan per semester, namun hail koordinasi belum diinformasikan/dikomunikasikan ke seluruh sektor terkait. Selain itu perlu memberikan pemahaman lebih dalam dan rinci serta berulang (untuk mengingatkan kembali) tentang sistem belajar jarak jauh (SBJJ) kepada tim pembina di daerah. Perekrutan peserta didik selain berdasarkan prestasi kerja, tetapi juga atas dasar keinginan yang besar untuk meningkatkan diri dalam pendidikan. Saran dalam melakukan kerjasama dengan instansi lain atau mitra kerja lainnya, diperlukan naskah kerjasama, naskah perjanjian/kontrak kerjasama juga ada petunjuk pelaksanaan dan teknis yang rinci dan jelas dan terdokumentasi dengan baik agar mudah menemukannya bila diperlukan. Informasi yang akan disampaikan kepada peserta didik diberikan pada waktu yang khusus yang tidak disatukan dengan pertemuan-pertemuan lain yang membahas masalah lain sehingga tidak ada persaingan dengan informasi lain (informasi tentang pekerjaan rutin).
The Analysis of the Implementation of Policy on Providing Higher Learning at a Distance Cooperation in for Family Planning Advisors and their Supervisors in Jakarta and Bogor in the Year 2000The policy to improve the education and broaden the mind of the family planning advisors and supervisors who still have high school diploma seems to be necessary for human resources development.The effort to improve their education as well as their supervisor's coincides with the policy of the State Minister for Control of Machinery of the state which is to promote them to have functional position. The main purpose of this research is to know the extent to which the policy implemented between the Coordinating Body of the Family Planning (BKKBN) and Indonesian Open Learning University (Universitas Terbuka/UT)The method used is qualitative approach. The data collection technique is in depth interview in the field of distant education, books or documents review as secondary data, and focus group discussion will be participants of the cooperation programs. The research result shows that the variable input which has something to do with the policy done by BKKBN and Universitas Terbuka can be done well.The participants can take advantage the task force of the coordinating body in provinces, districts and cities and of UT's regional centers (UPBJJ). However their job descriptions are not clear yet because there is no standard operating procedure which UT is supposed to give the component process connected with the coordination between central BKKBN and UT or as the working team and the development team, BKKBN in provinces/districts/cities (the task forces and UPBJJ) is enough to be once per semester. However, the coordination result has not been informed or communicated to whole relevant sectors. Besides it is necessary to give a deeper more detail and repeated understanding of distant learning system to the development team in regions. The recruitments of the participants are not only based on their working performance, but also on big intention to improve their education. I suggest that in doing cooperation with other parties or working partner, it is necessary to have MOU and SOP that are clear, detail and well documented so that they are easily found when needed. Information for the participants should be given on a separate occasion, not at same time as other meeting that discus other matters so that there will be misinformation (especially on routines).
