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Tuberkulosis Paru (TB Paru) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat. WHO memperkirakan di Indonesia setiap tahun ada 450.000 kasus baru dengan kematian 175.000 orang setiap tahunnya. Hasil SKRT 1995 menunjukkan bahwa tuberkulosis merupakan penyebab kematian ketiga setelah kadiovaskuler dan penyakit saluran pernapasan dan nomor satu dari golongan penyakit infeksi. Di Propinsi Sumatera Selatan Program Pemberantasan Penyakit TB Paru dengan strategi DOTS dimulai pada tahun 1995, data dari kabupaten / kota didapat angka kesembuhan 82,98 % dan angka cakupan penemuan penderita 26,7 %, Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Moehamad Hoesin Palembang pada tahun 1998/1999 angka konversi 84,16 % melebihi angka nasional 80%, tetapi angka kesembuhan hanya 76,19 %, dibawah angka nasional 85%. Ketidakpatuhan berobat merupakan salah satu penyebab kegagalan penanggulangan program TB Paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor - faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan berobat penderita Tuberkulosis Paru BTA Positif di RSUP Dr. Moehamad Hoesin Palembang Tahun 1998 -2000. Disain penelitian ini adalah kasus kontrol dengan jumlah sampel 186 responden, kriteria sampel penelitian adalah penderita TB Paru BTA Positif Kategori 1, 2 yang telah selesai makan obat dan berumur lebih dari 14 tahun, terdaftar dari bulan Agustus 1998 sampai dengan Desember 2000 di Bagian Penyakit Dalam Poliklinik DOTS RSUP Dr. Moehamad Hoesin Palembang. Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Moehamad Hoesin Palembang adalah Rumah Sakit yang pertama di Propinsi Sumatera Selatan melaksanakan Program Pemberantasan Tuberkulosis Paru dengan strategi DOTS. Hasil penelitian analisis - univariat dari 186 responden yang patuh 124 (66,7%) dan tidak patuh 62 ( 33,3%), laki-laki 130 (69,9%), umur produktif (16-45) tahun 135 orang ( 71,8%), pendidikan rendah 114 orang (61,3%), bekerja 100 (53,8%). Pada basil bivariat dari sepuluh variabel independen ternyata hanya empat variabel yang dianggap potensial sebagai faktor resiko (p< 0,25), Hasil analisis multivariat dengan metode Regresi logistik dari empat variabel independen diambil sebagai model, ternyata hanya satu variabel yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna yang paling kuat (p<0,05), yaitu pengawas menelan obat (PMO),OR =3.457. 95 5 : 1,644- 7.269, P value (Sig) = 0,0011. Kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik adalah bahwa faktor - faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan berobat penderita tuberkulosis paru BTA positif di Rumah Sakit Dr.Moehamad Hoesin tahun 1998 - 2000 adalah faktor PMO dan faktor penyuluhan kesehatan oleh petugas mempunyai hubungan bermakna secara statistik (p < 0,05) dengan kepatuhan berobat penderita TB Pam dan yang paling besar pengaruhnya terhadap variabel dependen adalah faktor Pengawas Menelan Obat (PMO). Selanjutnya dapat disarankan kiranya faktor pengawas menelan obat (PMO) tetap dipertahankan dan dilakukan pelatihan bagi kader, keluarga, PKK KotafKecamatan 1 Kelurahan, petugas kesehatan secara berkesinambungan dan meningkatkan terns kemampuan pengelola program TB Pam di RSUP Dr.Moehamad Hoesin Palembang, Untuk penyuluhan kesehatan oleh petugas kepada penderita, masyarakat tentang penyakit TB Paru hendaknya tetap diberikan secara berkesinambungan dengan menggunakan poster, leaflet, buku pedoman. Untuk Dinas Kesehatan Propinsi Sumatera Selatan agar tetap menyediakan obat anti Tuberkulosa kategori 1, 2, dan 3.
Lung Tuberculosis (Lung TB) still remains a community health problem, WHO estimates that in Indonesia, there are approximately 450,000 new cases annually with 175,000 death every year SKRT results of 1995 show that tuberculosis is the third cause of death following cardiovascular and respiratory disease and it is of the first cause of infection diseases. In South Sumatera Province, Lung TB Eradication Program with DOTS strategy has been introduced in the province since 1995. Data gathered from districts/cities indicate that the figure of healing is 82.98°/° and the figure of identified patients is 26.7%, At Dr. Moehamad Hoesin Central General Hospital of Palembang of 1998/1999, the conversion figure of 84,16% is higher than the national figure of 80%.However the figure of healing is only 76.19%, below the national figure of 85%. Disobedience to undertaking medical treatment is reportedly to be the cause of failure of Lung TB Eradication Program. This study is aimed at investigating factors that correlate with patients' obedience to undertaking treatment of Lung TB Positive BTA in Dr.Moehamad Hoesin Central General Hospital in Palembang in 1998 - 2000. The study design employed was controlled case with sample of 186 respondents. The sample criteria used were those samples were Lung TB Positive BTA patients of Category 1 and 2 who had taken their medicines and aged more than 14. registered since August 1998 until December 2000 in Internal Diseases Unit of Polyclinic of the hospital, Dr. Moehamad Hoesin Central General Hospital is the first hospital in the South Sumatera province introducing Lung TB Eradication Program with DOTS strategy. Result of univariat analysis shows that of 186 respondents, 124 patients (66.7%) were obedient and 62 (333%) were disobedient. The respondents consisted of 130 males (69.9%), 135 (71.8%) patients of productive age (16-45), poorly educated people of 146 (61.3%), working people of 100 (53.8%). The bivariat result indicates that of ten independent variables, only four variables considered potential as risk factor (p<0.25).The multivariat result shows that by using Logistic Regression method, of the four independent variables taken as models, only one variable proven to have the most significant correlation (p<0.05), which was supervisor taking medicine (PMO) OR=3.457.95%: 1.644-7.269, p value = 0, 0011. It may be concluded that factors that correlate with patients' obedience to undertaking Lung TB positive BTA treatment at the hospital during 1998 - 2000 are PMO factor and health education by health worker; these are having statistically significant correlation (p<0.05) with the patients' obedience to undertaking Lung TB treatment. While the most significant influence on the dependent variable was the supervisor-taking-medicine (PMO) factor. It may be recommended that the supervisor-taking-medicine factor be sustained; continuous training be provided for cadres, family members, Woman's Club of the city/district/village, and health workers; and management skills of officials in Lung TB Program of the hospital be improved continuously. The health education by health workers for patients and community on Lung TB disease should be sustainable provided by means of poster, flyers, manual book. The health department of South Sumatera Province should keep providing anti Tuberculosis medicines of category 1, 2, and 3.
Background : Maternal mortality rate due to the pregnancy and delivery has close related to delivery process. The utilization of health professional providing services to delivery mothers in Palembang, based on data profile DHO of Palembang in 2003 is illustrated by performance of the KIA activities, delivery process which is assisted by the health professional 83,48% and the remaining is 16,52% helped by the non-health professional. The Sub District of Seberang Ulu I is a subdistrict within the lowest amount of delivery process assisted by the health professional compared by other sub district in Palembang as much of 69,24%. Objectives : To identify the factors that correlate to the utilization of health professional by delivery mothers in Sub District of Seberang Ulu Palembang in 2005. Methods : This research is a cross sectional, with survey method. Samples taken are a group of mothers who have ever delivered in the range of time in the end of 2003 until the beginning of 2005. On this rapid survey, the sample taken are as many of 30 x 7 (30 RW, 7 people in each cluster/RW) = 210 samples. Data analysis uses univariate and multivariate to determine factors that influence the utilization of health professional using the software from UPT FKM UI. Conclusion : Based on the rapid survey, it was for dominate that midwives as an assistance of the delivery mothers in the Sub District of Seberang Ulu I (71,9%). Result of statistical test shows a variable of education, attitude toward delivery provided by professional health care, (OR=235,67), variable of knowledge about delivery (OR=7,25) and variable of delivery assistance cost (OR=1) has the relationship and utilization health professional in the Sub District of Seberang Ulu I. The determining factor that mostly affects the usage of health professional based on the analysis result of logistic regression multivariate is the delivery cost within OR=6,673 (95%CI: 2,067 – 21,554). Suggestion that can be recommended on this research is the necessity of the health professional that regularly provide the health counselling to the community, especially to the mothers about reproduction health include about scrutinize and the delivery care. Improving the health service quality such as the availability of sufficient and high quality and accessible by the the community, increasing a range of targets on the warranty program of health preservation and social insurance for the community in the Sub District of Seberang Ulu I.
Makanan adalah salah satu bahan pokok dalam rangka pertumbuhan dan kehidupan bangsa serta mempunyai peranan penting dalam pembangunan nasional. Karena itu masyarakat harus dilindungi keselamatan dan kesehatannya dari ancaman makanan yang tidak memenuhi syarat. Diantara makanan yang tidak memenuhi syarat adalah makanan daluwarsa yaitu makanan yang telah lewat tanggal daluwarsa atau telah lewat batas akhir suatu makanan dijamin mutunya, sepanjang penyimpanannya mengikuti petunjuk yang diberikan oleh produsen.Kepatuhan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman terhadap peraturan Menteri Kesehatan tentang makanan daluwarsa seringkali menimbulkan masalah dalam peredaran makanan karena dengan masih banyaknya ditemukan makanan daluarsa di lokasi penjualan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tentang tingkat kepatuhan dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman terhadap peraturan tentang makanan daluwarsa di propinsi Jambi tahun 2001.Penilaian terhadap kepatuhan dilakukan terhadap 105 pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman yang ingin diketahui terdiri dari pendidikan, pengetahuan, sikap terhadap peraturan tentang makanan daluwarsa, faktor pendukung yaitu penyuluhan peraturan tentang makanan daluwarsa dan faktor pendorong pengawasan dan sanksi.Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan rancangan potong lintang (Cross Sectional). Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi kepatuhan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman cukup rendah (50%) dan faktor yang berhubungan secara bermakna dengan kepatuhan terhadap peraturan tentang makanan daluwarsa adalah faktor sikap dan pengetahuan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman.Dari hasil penelitian disarankan pada pihak pemerintah yaitu balai POM Jambi supaya metode penyuluhan atau pembinaan yang dilakukan secara komprehensif sehingga pengetahuan terhadap peraturan dapat lebih ditingkatkan. Frekuensi pengawasan lebih ditingkatkan dan juga memberikan sanksi yang lebih keras terhadap pelanggaran yang telah dilakukan secara berulang-ulang.
The Factors that Related to the Obedience of Foods and Beverages Seller on the Regulation of Expired Date Foods in Jambi Province, 2001Food is one of the basic commodities for the growth of the nation and having an important role in national development.. So they should be protected from the threat of their health and also the foods which so not fulfil safety and quality requirement. Among the foods that which so fullfil safety and quality requirement are date marking the foods used over than the date that best for used or it had been expired date to be used in guaranteed quality, and as long as they stored that stated in the producers instruction.The obedience of foods retail seller to the regulation of the Minister of Health on date marking often rises problem in distributing them, since there were still found lot of expired foods in market place.The objective of this study was to identify the description of the obedience level and the factors that related to foods retail seller on the regulation of date marking in Jambi Province, 2001.The assessment of the obedience was conducted to 105 retail sellers of foods and beverages. The factors that related to the obedience of foods retail seIIers which to be identified among others education, knowledge, attitude to the regulation on expired food, supporting factor was education of regulation on date marking and encouraging factors were controlling and sanction.This study used quantitative approach, and the study design was cross sectional. The data was analysis by univariate, bivariate and multivariate.The result of this study showed that the proportion of the obedience foods retail seller was enough low (50%) and the factors that significantly related to the obedience of the regulation on date marking was attitude and knowledge of the foods retair seller.Referring to the result of this study, it is recommended to the government, e.i. The Center for Drug and Food Control, Jambi should give education and extension comprehensively, so the knowledge to the regulation on date marking can be improved. The frequency of controlling should be improved and also giving harder sanction to who trespasser that it was done in several times.
Penyakit malaria menyerang semua orang dan menimbulkan kerugian dibidang sosial ekonomi, sampai saat ini merupakan masalah kesehatan dan salah satu dari sepuluh besar penyakit penyebab kematian di Indonesia.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian malaria pada puskesmas di kabupaten Sarolangun. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observational dengan rancangan kasus kontrol. Sebagai kasus adalah klien yang berkunjung ke puskesmas dengan gejala malaria klinis dan hasil sediaan darah malaria positif sedangkan kontrol klien tanpa gejala malaria klinis, dan hasil sediaan darah negatif.Variabel lingkungan dan perilaku yang berhubungan bermakna dengan kejadian malaria yaitu tempat perindukan nyamuk, pendidikan, pemelihaiaan ternak, pemakaian kelambu dan pembersihan lingkungan. Sedangkan status ekonomi, pekerjaan, penggunaan obat anti nyamuk dan pemasangan kawat kasa nyamuk tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian malaria. Hasil analisis multivariate dari fit-model diperoleh faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kejadian malaria adalah variabel pendidikan dan pembersihan lingkungan, memiliki kecanderungan 5,85 kali berisiko malaria pada responden yang berpendidikan rendah dan tidak membersihkan lingkungan.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disarankan, kiranya pemerintah daerah kabupaten Sarolangun khususnya Dinas Kesehatan dapat merancang program dan kebijakan terhadap pemberantasan penyakit malaria secara lintas program dan lintas sektoral, dan meningkatkan kegiatan survei malaria yang efektif dan efisien secara berkesinambungan melalui puskesrnas meningkatkan program penyuiuhan kepada masyarakat tentang penyakit malaria dan upaya pencegahan, dengan pemakaian kelambu dan pembersihan lingkungan secara teratur.
Malaria attacks every body and inflicts social and economical losses. As a health problem, it is among the big ten diseases causing death in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to obtain infomiation regard ing factors related to malaria incidence in community health centers (Puskesmas), regency of (kabupaten) Sarolangun. This observational study was designed in case control manner. A Case was defined as a patient visiting Puskesmas with clinical mataria symptoms and positive parasite blood examination, while a control was a patient without symptom and had a negative parasite blood.Environmental and behavioral variables significantly associated with malaria incidence were breeding places, education, cattle grazing, use of mosquito net, and environmental cleaning. Economic status, occupation, use of anti mosquito chemicals and wire netting were not associated with malaria incidence. The tittest model resulted from multivariate analysis showed that interaction variable of education-environmental cleaning was the most dominant factor. The risk to suffer from malaria was increasing 5.9 times among low educated subjects avoid cleaning their environment.Based on the study findings, it is recommended that the local government in Kabupaten Sarolangun, especially the District Health Oflice, should be able to develop policies to conuol malaria with inter-sector and across program approaches and to improve that effectiveness and efficiency of continuous malaria surveys.It is also suggested that Puskesmas should enhance community education programs concerning malaria and relevant preventive actions, such as using mosquito net and cleaning the enviromnent.
