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Pelabuhan berperan sangat penting dalam pembangunan Nasional, karena Pelabuhan merupakan "Terminal Point" pusat segala kegiatan untuk layanan dan bantuan kepada kapal, penumpang, hewan dalam penyelenggaraan angkutan laut pada umumnya dan bongkar-muat BBM dan LPG pada khususnya. Namun dalam kenyataannya, terdapat banyak kendala dalam pengoperasian Pelabuhan sehingga menimbulkan korban harta dan jiwa.Salah satu penyebabnya adalah penentuan dan perencanaan lokasi Pelabuhan yang kurang akurat sehingga tanker yang akan bersandar berosilasi melampaui standard yang diijinkan, sebagai reaksi tanker terhadap gaya yang mengenai tanker tersebut. Faktor-faktor alam yang menimbulkan gaya terhadap tanker tersebut adalah angin, gelombang, pasang surut dan arus dimana gaya gelombang adalah faktor yang paling dominan.Dari beberapa teori gelombang yang ada, maka digunakan teori gelombang Airy karena merupakan teori gelombang linier dengan tinggi gelombang yang relatif kecil dibandingkan dengan panjang gelombang dan kedalaman perairan. Dari turunan persamaan gelombang Airy, diperoleh model matematis perhitungan gaya gelombang dan gaya reaksi kapal. Dengan menggunakan data tinggi dan perioda gelombang , dapat dihitung persamaan gerakan kapal yang kemudian dievaluasi berdasarkan standard. Dari hasil analisis gelombang tersebut, dapat ditentukan laik/tidaknya lokasi tersebut untuk pelabuhan yang aman.
Evaluation of Wave Influence in Deciding Harbour LocationHarbour plays very important thing in National Development, because Harbour is a "Terminal Point" of all activities of shipping services, passengers, animals in managing the sea transportation in general and especially in loading & unloading Oil and LPG. In the fact, there are many problems in Harbour operation which cause victims and wealth.One of the reasons is the Harbour location and design which is less accurate so that the tankers which will more osilates over the permissible standard, as tanker result to the force on the tanker itself. Environment loads to the tanker are wind, waves, current and tide where wave are the dominant factor.From several wave theories, Airy Wave Theory is used, because it is a linear wave theory with wave height smaller compared with wave length and the water depth. From the Airy Wave differential, mathematics model of wave forces calculation and hull reaction are obtained. Using wave height and wave period data, hull motion equation is obtained which then could be evaluated based on the standard. By doing wave analysis, it could be decided the properness of the Safe Harbour location.
Fumigasi adalah suatu kegiatan memasukkan/melepaskan pestisida (fumigan) kedalam ruangan tertutup/kedap udara selama waktu tertentu dengan tujuan untuk membasmi tikus dan serangga sebagai vektor penyebab penyakit menular. Pekerjaan fumigasi merupakan upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah dalam program pemberantasan vektor dikapal dan pesawat dengan menggunakan fumigant methyl bromide. Dari revew 542 literatur (Budnik et al., Environmental Health 2012), termasuk in vitro dan studi epidemiologi pajanan untuk studi epidemiologi pestisida methyl hidrokarbon, terutama efek beracun (kronik) atau karsinogenik dari penggunaan methyl bromide antara tahun 1990-2011, ditemukan 91 kasus toksisitas methyl bromide dan 29 menggunakan istilah ?karsinogenik, neoplastik atau mutagenik".
Tiga studi epidemiologi dievaluasi, menilai suatu kemungkinan hubungan antara kanker dan methyl bromide. Methyl bromide dianggap sebagai bahan karsinogen potensial di dasarkan pada penelitian terhadap hewan yang telah menunjukkan potensi karsinogenik dari senyawa ini (J. Donald Millar, M.D., D.T.P.H., NIOSH, 2003). Penelitian Saragih (2009), aktivasi kolinesterase darah pada petugas fumigasi kapal pada 66 responden, sebanyak 25,8% yang mempunyai tingkat aktivasi kolinesterase darah yang termasuk dalam kategori keracunan dan 74,2% mempunyai tingkat aktivasi kolinesterse darah. Data Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Tanjung Pinang, 2012, didapat dua orang kasus terpajan methyl bromide dengan kerusakan kulit berat.
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tingkat resiko terpajan methyl bromide pada pekerja fumigasi kapal di wilayah Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Batam dan Tanjung Pinang, tahun 2013. Analisis resiko dilakukan secara semi-kuantitatif berdasarkan Australian Standar/New Zealand Standar 4360 Risk Management yang terdiri dari nilai kemungkinan (Likehood), nilai dampak (consequence) sehingga diperoleh tingkat resiko (Level Of Risk) dengan cara analisa matrik W.T Fine. Dari hasil analisa matrik terhadap dua metode fumigasi tersebut ditentukanlah suatu prosedur atau kontrol dalam mencegah atau menanggulangi resiko bahaya fumigasi kapal.
Fumigation is an activity insert/release pesticide (fumigant) into a closed room/airtight during a certain time in order to eradicate rodents and insects as vectors of disease-causing infectious. Fumigation on ships and aircrafts has been programmed by government to eradicate vectors such as rodents and insects used the fumigants i.e. methyl bromide. Based on 542 of review literatures (Budnik et al, Environmental Health, 2012), including in vitro and epidemiological studies of pesticide exposure for epidemiological studies methyl hydrocarbon, especially toxic effects (chronic) at or carcinogenic methyl bromide of use between the years 1990 - 2011, found 91 cases of toxicity methyl bromide and 29 used in term ?carcinogenic, neoplastic or mutagenic?.
Then, three epidemiological studies evaluated, assessing a possible link between cancer and methyl bromide. Methyl bromide considered as a potential carcinogen based on animal studies that have demonstrated the carcinogenic potential of this compound. (J. Donald Millar, MD, DTPH, NIOSH, 2003). Saragih (2009) studied activation of blood cholinesterase ship fumigation officer on 66 respondents, 25.8% have blood cholinesterase levels of activation were included in the category of poisoning and the remaining 74.2% have an activation of blood cholinesterase. According the data in Tanjung Pinang Port Health Office, 2012, acquired two cases of methyl bromide exposed to severe skin damage.
In this dissertation aims to analyze the level of risk in workers exposed to methyl bromide fumigation of ships in the Port Health Office of Batam and Tanjung Pinang, in 2013. Risk analysis performed semi-quantitatively based on Australian Standard/New Zealand Standard 4360 Risk Management consisting of the value of probability (likelihood), the value of impact (consequence) in order to obtain the level of risk analysis by matrix WT Fine. Based on the analysis of the matrix for two methods of fumigation were revealed a procedure or control in preventing or overcoming hazards ship fumigation.
Process safety is a dicipline that framework for managing the integrity of operating system and processes handling hazardous substances. In the process industry, asset integrity is a major concern. Failure of eqiupment are observed as fundamental contributory issues in the large number of accidents in the process facilities. Asset integrity management in the process industry is carried out by ensuring the adequacy and relibility of the protection layer. Determination of the protection layer equipment adequation is done by calculating SIL (Safety Integrity Level) of a safety instrumented function. Two widely used methods in the Oil & Gas industry for SIL determination are Risk Graphs and Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA). Analysis both Risk Graph and LOPA methods is performed to understand what factors should be considered in SIL determination study with both methods. The research was conducted by conducting analyze of primary data through SIL study workshop and secondary data by reviewing several related internation journals. The results of this research are the explanation of the advantages and limitations of both methods and the modification of the Risk Graph method and combination to other SIL determination methods (semi quantitative and quantitative) as the initial screening.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the occupational health risks of workersexposed to TSP, PM10, PM2, 5, Cd, Si, As, and Pb that were carried out onmeasurements in outdoor, indoor, and personal respirable port location andcompare it to the non-port. This research is a descriptive analytic cross-sectionalresearch design. Based on this research, the results are risk characteristics (RQ)outdoor TSP and PM10 dust is less than 1, while PM2,5 located at Hopper 4 ismore than 1. For indoor dust RQ PM2,5 located at Hopper 6 and barging morethan 1, while on the non-port RQ is less than 1. For personal respirable RQ locatedat Hopper 6 and genset are more than 1, while in the non port is less than 1. Fornon-carcinogenic elements Cd, As and Pb RQ are less than 1, while thecarcinogenic element As and Cd, value of ECR is less than E-4 and for Silica valueof ECR is more than E-4.Key Word:TSP, PM10, PM2,5, Cd, Si, As, dan Pb, carcinogenic, non- carsinogenic, riskanalysis, risk characterization
Kata Kunci : Analisis Kebakaran, CFSES, Gedung Pemerintah, Bukaan Vertikal
High number of fire incidence on building in Indonesia indicates less attention ofthe owner to the completeness of fire protection system in their building.Although there have been a protective device against fire but must be analyzedregarding the effectiveness and standard of such devices. This study uses CFSESsoftware for evaluating fire protection systems in government buildings. Thestudy revealed that the government building is still lacking in the safety variableof fire control, especially on vertical openings parameter. Difficulty in this studyis the lack of data from each building regarding fire safety systems.
Keywords : Fire Risk Assessment, CFSES, Government Building, VerticalOpening
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pelaksanaan audit internal sistem manajemen keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja di PT belum berjalan dengan baik dan maksimal. Poin utama dari lemahnya pelaksanaan audit internal tersebut adalah implementasi, pemantauan, tinjauan ulang dan perbaikan pada sistem manajemen audit yang dilaksanakan. Perbaikan pada tahap perencanaan dan implementasi menunjukkan poin utama yang harus segera diperbaiki guna meningkatkan kualitas sistem manajemen audit dan bisa mengevaluasi sistem manajemen yang berlangsung di perusahaan dengan lebih baik.
