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Ruang Lingkup dan Metodologi: Pajanan debu organik merupakan salah satu faktor risiko yang terdapat pada pabrik pembuatan bumbu mi instant PT X. Dampak yang mungkin ditimbulkan oleh pajanan debu organik adalah terjadinya gangguan kesehatan paru pada pekerjanya.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui apakah debu mempengaruhi terjadinya gangguan kesehatan paru pada pekerja atau hal lainnya baik yang terdapat pada pekerja seperti karakteristik sosiodemografi, status gizi, kebiasaan merokok, penggunaan APD atau faktor lingkungan yaitu area kerja. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan 2 disain yaitu disain studi kohort dengan 949 responden untuk mengetahui insidens dan mengikuti perjalanan gangguan kesehatan paru pada pekerja dengan menggunakan data hasil pemeriksaan berkala sejak tahun 1995. Dan disain studi krossektional dengan 647 responden untuk mengetahui faktor apa saja yang dapat menimbulkan terjadinya gangguan kesehatan paru pekerja dengan menggunakan data pemeriksaan berkala tahun 2001 dan kuesioner. Disamping itu juga dilakukan pengukuran kadar debu di area kerja yang terpajan dan tidak terpajan.Hasil dan kesimpulan: Hasil pengolahan data studi kohort retrospektif dengan uji statistik menunjukkan adanya kenaikkan insidens dari 0,33 pada tahun 1999 menjadi 0,54 pada tahun 2001 dan kenaikan relative risk pekerja yang bekerja di area kerja terpajan yang mengalami restriksi dari 1,186 pada tahun 1999 menjadi 1,611 pada tahun 2001. Sedangkan data studi krossektional dengan uji statistik menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara pajanan debu organik dengan terjadinya gangguan kesehatan paru pekerja berupa berdahak kronik OR 1,463 ; p 0,0045 ; CI 95% 1,008 - 2,124 dan batuk kronik OR 1,744 ; p 0,002 ; CI 95% 1,222 - 2,47.
Organic dust exposure is one of the presented risk factor at PT X's instant noodle ingredient factory. Influence that could be raised by organic dust exposure is disorder of labor'lung.The research purpose is to recognize whether dust influence the affection of labor' lung disorder or other factors related to the labor himself such as the characteristic of social demography, nutrition condition, smoking habit, usage of safety equipment, or environmental factor at working place. This research is conducted with Cohort Study with 949 samples, design in order to recognize incident and to trace the disorder historical of labor lung by using periodical medical check-up report since 1995. Cross Sectional Study Design with 647 samples is also performed in order to recognize entire factor that could cause disorder of labor lung by using medical check-up report in 2001 as well as questioner. Furthermore, calculation of dust level was performed at exposure working place and non-exposure working place.Result and Conclusion: Data compilation result of Retrospective Cohort Study, checked by statistics test, shows that there is increasing of incident starting form 0.33 in 1999 to become 0,54 in 2001 and increasing of relative risk toward labor working at exposure working place whose suffer from restriction" starting from 1,186 in 1999 to become 1,611 in 2001. Whereas, Cross-sectional Study data, checked by statistics test, shows that there is a significant relation between organic dust exposure and disorder of labor lung healthiness in form of chronic phlegm OR 1,463 ; p 0,0045 ; CI 95% 1,008 - 2,124 and chronic cough OR 1,744 ; p 0,002 ; CI 95% 1,222 - 2,477.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara Kebiasaan merokok dan pemakaian APD, gangguan fungsi paru dengan nilai p masing masing p=0.000 dan p=0.003. Sedangkan konsentrasi debu, umur, lama bekerja, riwayat penyakit dan kebiasaan olah raga tidak menunjukan hubungan yang signifikan. Hasil analisis regresi logistik dari 2(dua) variabel kebiasaan merokok dan tidak memakai APD yaitu kebiasaan merokok beresiko 5 kali mendapatkan gangguan fungsi paru dan tidak menggunakan APD beresiko 3.71 kali mendapatkan gangguan fungsi paru dibandingkan dengan yang menggunakan APD. Saran, dimasa datang sebaiknya dibuat sistem yang terintegrasi dapat menyatukan antara data pemeriksaan kesehatan pekerja, data kualitas udara di dalam lingkungan kerja setiap unit kerja sehingga analisis serta evaluasi terhadap kondisi kesehatan pekerja dapat menghasilkan kesimpulan yang lebih akurat dan pemilihan serta pemakaian APD yang tepat.
Obstructive, Restrictive and Mixed Obstructive-Restrictive Pulmonary function disturbances is a lung decreased capacity due to the accumulation of dust which causing the decline and airway blockage and the narrowing of pulmonary tract that interfere with the respiratory tract and lung tissue damage. This disease can occur to the workers in an environment polluted by chemical fumes or dust which may increase the risk of Obstructive, Restrictive and Mixed Obstructive-Restrictive pulmonary disease. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of dust concentration (TSP) in the working room with the Pulmonary function disturbances of the workers of PT. KS in year 2010. This study is using survey research methods which is a research carried out without an intervention to the research subjects or non experimental. This study is an analytic study that aims to explain a condition or a situation with a cross sectional survey design. The observed variables are the Dust Concentration (TSP)of the rooms, Age, length of work, smoking habits, history of pulmonary disease, exercise habits and customs of the use of PPE (Personal Protection Equipment). The type of data used are primary and secondary data, and the data collection is using questionnaires and interviews. The analysis of the data used is by univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis.
The results showed that there was a significant relationship between smoking habits and the use of PPE with lung function disturbances with a value of p respectively p = 0.000 and p = 0.003. While the dust concentration, age, length of work, medical history and exercise habits showed no significant relationship. The results of logistic regression analysis of 2 (two) variables i.e smoking and not using PPE, that is smoking habits have 5 times the risk of having lung function disturbances and do not use PPE have 3.71 times the risk of getting lung function impairment compared with ones who use PPE. Suggestion, in the future there should be an integrated system that can unify the workers' health examination data, air quality data in the working environment of each unit of work, ambient air quality data and data quality of air emissions so that the analysis and evaluation of health conditions of workers can produce more accurate conclusions for the selection and the use of proper PPE.
