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Makanan merupakan salah satu kebutuhan dasar pada manusia, sehingga makanan harus aman untuk dikonsumsi. Penyakit bawaan makanan adalah suatu penyakit yang ditimbulkan oleh makanan yang terkontaminasi oleh mikroorganisme pathogen. Makanan jajanan merupakan salah satu hasil produk dari tempat pengolahan makanan dan banyak dijumpai di lingkungan sekitar sekolah serta umumnya rutin dikonsumsi oleh sebagian besar anak usia sekolah. Selain mempunyai peran yang menguntungkan makanan jajanan mempunyai risiko untuk menimbulkan masalah kesehatan seperti kejadian keracunan makanan di sekolah. Beberapa faktor yang dapat memungkinkan terjadinya penularan penyakit melalui makanan adalah perilaku yang tidak higienis, adanya sumber penyakit menular, adanya media dan resipien. Tujuan Umum dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kondisi higiene sanitasi makanan jajanan serta faktor yang mempengaruhinya di kabupaten Tangerang tahun 2006. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain potong lintang (Cross Sectional), dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder kegiatan pengawasan makanan dan minuman yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Tangerang terhadap pedagang makanan jajanan di Sekolah Dasar di Kabupaten Tangerang tahun 2006. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah makanan jajanan yang diambil dari 159 Sekolah Dasar di kabupaten Tangerang tahun 2006 adapun variabel yang diamati adalah : pengetahuan, perilaku, peralatan sarana air bersih, sarana pembuangan Iimbah, tempat pembuangan sampah dan lokasi usaha, sedangkan yang menjadi variabel terikat adalah kontaminasi bakteri E.CoIi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan sampel makanan yang terkontaminasi sebanyak 37,1%. Untuk pengetahuan Iebih dari separuh (62,9%) tidak baik, Sedangkan untuk perilaku sebagian besar tidak baik (76,7%). Lokasi usaha lebih dari separuh tidak memenuhi syaraf (53,5%). Bggitu pula untuk peralatan yang digunakan lebih dari separuhnya yaitu 57,2% tidak memenuhi syarat. Sedangkan untuk fasilitas sanitasi menunjukan hampir sebagian besar kondisi tempat sampah tidak memenuhi syarat (93,1%), untuk sarana air bersih hampir sebagian besar (75,5%) tidak memenuhi syarat. Begitu pula untuk sarana pembuangan limbah 86,2% tidak memenuhi syarat. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukan hanya empat variabel yang bermakna yaitu : pengetahuan (p = 0,028), perilaku (p = 0,009), peralatan (p = 0,039) dan sarana air bersih (p= (1,037) sehingga variabel ini masuk menjadi kandidat analisis multivariat. Pada analisis multivariat lalu dilakukan seleksi kandidat dengan memasukan variabel dengan nilai p<0,2S. Dari hasil akhir analisis multivariat tersebut diketahui bahwa perilaku merupakan variabel murni yang mempengaruhi terjadinya kontaminasi pada makanan jajanan (p = 0,011) dengan nilai OR 3,2 (95% : CI) dengan persamaan matematisnya adalah sebagai berikut : Logit (kontaminasi makanan) = 0,297 + 1,158*perilaku = 0,81 Saran secara akademik adalah perlunya perbaikan metode dalam penyusunan kuesioner dan kejelasan dalam Iangkah kerja ketika mengambil sampel. Saran secara praktis adalah Dinas Kesehatan hendaknya meningkatkan upaya pembinaan dan pengawasan atau inspeksi sanitasi terhadap pedagang makanan jajanan di Sekolah Dasar secara rutin, adanya kerjasama dengan pihak sekolah dalam upaya pengelolaan kantin sekolah yang sehat serta penyediaan fasilitas sanitasi yang diperlukan. Upaya Iainnya adanya Iomba kantin seknlah sehat yang bisa memotivasi perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat pada pedagang makanan jajanan di sekolah serta membuat sentra makanan jajanan dengan menggabungkan para pedagang dalam satu tempat.
It has been known that food is one of the human basic needs. Therefore, food should be safe to be consumed. Food born disease is a disease that originated from food that contaminated by pathogenic microorganism. Street food is a food that produced, processed and mainly found in the area surrounding the school and routinely consume by most of the students in their break time. Although it is found that street food has an advantages side, but it is also has a risk on their health, like food poisoning. Some factors that could be occurring in food born disease are: unhygienic behavior, the source of the contagious disease, the media, and the recipient. The main purpose of the study is to describe the condition of sanitation hygienic of the street food and factors related to the condition, at the district of Tangerang 2006. The study use the cross sectional design with secondary data obtained from the activities of food and drink monitoring that carried out by the Health District Authority of Tangerang towards food street vendors in all Primary School in Tangerang. Samples are food from street food that sells in 159 Primary School at the district of Tangerang. Variables observed are including the knowledge, behavior, eating utensils and clean water, waste disposal appliance, the garbage storage, and the location on where the food is selling. The E. coli contamination is being the dependent variable of the study. The study found that food sampled has have contaminated is around 37.1%. More than half (62.9%) has poor knowledge, and mainly (76.7%) has poor behavior. Mostly (53.5%), the location on where the food is selling has poor condition. Same situation for the condition of eating utensils, 57.2% have unconditional state. Meanwhile, most of sanitary facilities are in poor condition, 93.1% of garbage storages are unconditional, 75.5% of clean water facilities are poor, as well as 86.2% of waste disposal appliances. From the bivariate analysis, there four variables are found have significant relationship, i.e. knowledge (p = 0.028), behavior (p = 0.009), utensils (p = 0.039), and clean water appliances (p = 0.037), which lead to included to multivariate analysis. From the final analysis of multivariate, it has found that behavior is to be the sole variable that influences the occurrence of street food contamination (p = 0.011) with OR 3.2 (95% C.I) with its mathematical formulation is: Logit (food contamination) = 0.297 + 1.158*behavior = 0.81 Suggestion on academic issues is suppose to improve the method of questionnaires arrangement and clarification on the step of activities on sampling. Suggestion in practical issue, for the Health Authority that suppose to increase the capacity building and sanitary monitoring or inspection towards street food vendors surrounding the school in routinely base. There is a need on good collaboration between school management in order to obtain a healthy school canteen, as well as providing the sanitary facilities that urgently needed. Other form of endeavor is to create a healthy canteen competition in order to encourage the clean and healthy lifestyle towards street food vendors, as well as creating the center for street food that merging all street vendors into one selling location.
Kata kunci: Escherichia coli, kontaminasi makanan, kantin, sekolah dasar
School canteen food have an important role in completing the energy needs of primary school students, but if the food safety is not protected, the foods is potentially harmful to health. The objective of this research is to analyze factors affecting Escherichia coli bacteria contamination on the school canteen food at primary schools located in Beji Subdistrict. The design of this study is cross sectional. All the data collected in this research are primary data, which include the laboratory test results of 37 food samples and direct interview results with 37 food handlers using questionnaire. The research shown that 29,7% of food samples is contaminated with Escherichia coli bacteria. Bivariate analysis using chi-square shows that there are significant correlation between raw food materials selection (p=0,042) and food procession (p=0,003) with Escherichia coli bacteria contamination. However, other factors such as training, knowledge, behavior, hygiene and sanitation of cooking utensils, hygiene and sanitation of food serving place, raw food materials storage, and food serving have no significant correlation towards Escherichia coli bacteria contamination. Based on multivariate analysis using logistic regression, the most affecting factor of Escherichia coli bacteria contamination on the street food is food procession (p=0,005). Therefore, personal hygiene and food hygiene and sanitation training need to be conducted to the food handlers at Beji Subdistrict primary schools in order to minimize the Escherichia coli food contamination.
Key words: Escherichia coli, food contamination, canteen, primary school