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Program PMT telah dilakukan di kecamatan Bogor Selatan pada tahun 1999 bagi balita gizi buruk dan kurang agar dapat meningkatkan status gizinya. Namun hingga saat ini belum pernah dilakukan evaluasi atau penelitian, khususnya mengenai waktu peningkatan status gizi balita selama mengikuti program PMT tersebut.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang peluang balita dan waktu peningkatan status gizi selama dua belas minggu intervensi PMT serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya.Desain penelitian ini longitudinal selama dua belas minggu dengan melibatkan 194 balita. Analisis Kaplan Meier dilakukan untuk menentukan probabilitas status gizi tidak meningkat selama dua belas minggu. Analisis multivariat regresi cox dilakukan untuk menentukan besarnya nilai probabilitas peningkatan status gizi berdasarkan kecurigaan ada faktor lain secara bersama-sama.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa probabilitas status gizi tidak meningkat sampai dua belas minggu sebesar 67,01%. Median waktu peningkatan status gizi tidak diketahui, artinya sampai dua belas minggu intervensi PMT belum ada 50% balita yang mengalami peningkatan status gizi.Secara bivariat diketahui ada perbedaan antara umur ibu, konsumsi energi dan umur balita dengan waktu peningkatan status gizi. Hasil analisis ini tidak melihat perbedaan antara pendidikan, pengeluaran, pengetahuan, pola asuh, besar keluarga, konsumsi protein, penyakit infeksi, status gizi awal, jenis kelamin, partisipasi dengan waktu peningkatan status gizi. Probabilitas status gizi tidak meningkat sampai minggu kedua belas pada balita yang mempunyai ibu berumur antara 20 - 30 tahun sebesar 76,24%. Balita yang ibunya berumur kurang dari 20 atau lebih dari 30 tahun probabilitas status gizi tidak meningkat sebesar 55,29%. Peningkatan status gizi balita yang mempunyai ibu berumur antara 20 - 30 tahun sebesar 0,480 kali (95% CI : 1,100 - 3,038) dibanding balita yang ibunya berumur kurang dari 20 atau lebih dan 30 tahun. Balita yang konsumsi energinya baik memiliki probabilitas status gizi tidak meningkat sebesar 62,30% dan 74,58% bagi balita yang konsumsi energinya kurang. Peningkatan status gizi pada balita dengan konsumsi energi baik 1,828 (95% CI ; 1,100 - 3,038) kali dibanding balita yang konsumsi energinya kurang. Probabilitas status gizi tidak meningkat pada balita yang berumur ≤ 2 tahun sebesar 72,73% dan > 2 tahun sebesar 54,84%. Peningkatan status gizi balita yang berumur > 2 tahun sebesar 1,798 (95% CI : 1,096 - 2,948) kali dibanding balita yang berumur ≤ 2 tahun.Secara multivariat faktor yang berhubungan dengan waktu peningkatan status gizi balita selama dua belas minggu intervensi PMT adalah umur ibu, pengetahuan, konsumsi protein dan umur Balita, Peningkatan Status gizi pada balita yang memiliki ibu berumur antara 20 - 30 tahun sebesar 0,471 (95% CI : 0,279 - 0,795) dibanding balita yang umur ibunya < 20 atau > 30 tahun dengan mengendalikan pengetahuan ibu, konsumsi protein dan umur balita. Berdasarkan pengetahuan gizi ibu, peningkatan status gizi balita yang ibunya berpengetahuan baik sebesar 1,694 (95% CI : 1,061 - 2,969) kali dibanding balita yang pengetahuan gizi ibunya kurang dengan umur ibu, konsumsi protein dan umur balita yang sama. Balita yang konsumsi proteinnya baik peningkatan status gizinya 1,659 (95% CI : 0,911 - 3,023) kali dibanding balita lain yang konsumsi proteinnya kurang pada kondisi umur ibu, pengetahuan dan umur balita yang sama. Dilihat dari umur balita, balita yang berumur > 2 tahun peningkatan status gizinya sebesar 1,775 (95% CI : 0,984 - 2,914) kali dibanding balita yang berumur ≤ 2 tahun dengan umur ibu, pengetahuan gizi ibu dan konsumsi protein yang sama.
Supplemental Food Giving Program for Balita with bad and less nutrient had done in South Bogor Sub-district in 1999. But, there isn't evaluation/research about it yet, specialties the time of Balita?s nutrient status increasing during follow this program.This research goal is to obtain information regarding the opportunities and the time of Balita's nutrient status increasing within twelve weeks supplemental food giving intervention, also factors which influenced them.This research design is longitudinal within twelve weeks involved 194 Balita. Kaplan Meier Analysis was done to determine probability of Balita with nutrient status not increase within twelve weeks. While Multivariate Regression Cox Analysis was done to determine probability value of Balita's nutrient status increase, based on suspicious there's another factor coinciding.The result of this research showed that Balita's nutrient status not increase within twelve weeks probability 67,01 %. Median time of Balita's nutrient status increasing is unknown, it means within twelve weeks intervention the program less than 50 % Balita increasing their nutrient status.From the outcomes of bivariate analysis known, there's difference between mother's age, energy consumption and Balita's age with the time of nutrient status increasing. But, there's no difference between mother's educational background, expenses, knowledge, bring-up pattern, sum of family's member, protein consumption, infection disease, early nutrient status, gender, participation with the time of Balita's nutrient status increasing, Balita's nutrient status not increase within twelve weeks if their mother's between 20 - 30 years old probability 76,24 %. While their mother's <20 or >30 years old probability 55,29 %. Balita's nutrient status increasing if their mother between 20 - 30 years old 0,480 time ( 95 °.b CI : 1,100 - 3,038 ) compare with Balita's mother < 20 or > 30 years old. Balita with good energy consumption but their nutrient status not increase probability 62,30 % and 74,58 % for the Balita with less energy consumption. Balita < 2 years old with nutrient status not increase probability 72,73 % and > 2 years old nutrient status increasing 1,798 times (95 % CI : 1,096 - 2,948 ) comparing with Balita = 2 years old.From the outcomes of multivariate analysis, factors related to the time of Balita's nutrient status increasing within twelve weeks intervention of the Supplemental Food Giving Program are mother's age, knowledge, protein consumption and Balita's age. Balita's nutrient status increasing with their mother's age between 20 - 30 years old 0,471 times ( 95 % CI : 0,279 - 0,795 ) compare with Balita's mother < 20 or > 30 years old, under control of mother's knowledge, protein consumption and Balita of the same age. Based on mother's nutrient knowledge's good, so Balita's nutrient status increasing 1,694 times (95 % CI: 1,061 - 2,969) compare with Mother's knowledge deficit with mother's age, protein consumption and Balita's with the same age. Balita with good protein consumption have nutrient status increasing 1,659 times (95 % CI: 0,911 - 3,023) compare with another Balita with less protein consumption and the same condition of mother's age, knowledge and Balita's age. Balita > 2 years old have nutrient status 1,775 times (95 % CI: 0,984 - 2,914) compare with Balita = 2 years old with the same mother's age, mother's nutrient knowledge and Balita's protein consumption.
Background : Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Indonesia is still high compared to the other ASEAN countries. It also well known that the major cause for infant and children mortality is infections, especially the upper respiratory tracts infection and diarrhea. Some of the prevention efforts on lowering the evidence of infections are by having a good nutrition management for infant and children, and one of them is an adequate and appropriate breastfeeding. A good start for breastfeeding is about 30 minutes after delivery, as it will be stimulate the continuity of releasing the breast-milk and the interaction between the mother and the baby will be taken place. The Indonesia DHS 2002-2003 showed that 95.5% under five have already have breast-milk, but from that figure only 38.7% of them are having the first breast-milk within one hour after delivery. Hence, there is an analysis on the factors related to the breastfeeding given within one hour after delivery toward data of the Indonesia DHS 2002-2003. Objective : Know about factors related to the breastfeeding given within one hour after delivery Methods : The study is a continuous analysis of the Indonesia DHS 2002-2003 with a cross-sectional design. The number of sample is 6.018, which are mothers who have the latest life child aged 0 to 24 months and still having breastfed and delivered without surgery. Data are analyzed using the application of double logistic regression. The analysis is consisting of the univariable, bivariable with simple logistic regression, and multivariable with multivariate logistic regression. Results : The study has found that the proportion of breastfeeding given within one hour after delivery as high as 38.28%. The multivariable analysis showed that factors related to the breastfeeding given within one hour after delivery are: the residential location, wanted pregnancy, the antenatal care provider, birth attendance, accessibility on radio, and newborn’s weight. There is an interaction between residential location and the antenatal care provider, wanted pregnancy and the antenatal care provider, and newborn’s weight and the birth attendance. Conclusions : The dominant factors related to the breastfeeding given within one hour after delivery is the antenatal care provider. There is a need to make an effort on: increasing the knowledge and motivation of the health provider on the importance of the immediate administration of breastfeeding to the newborn and the Exclusive Breastfeeding; increasing mother’s and pregnant mother’s knowledge on appropriate management of breastfeeding, as well as the socialization of family planning program. The efforts that should be supported by government policy, and also the collaboration between programs and inter-sectoral in order to reach the goals on the immediate administration of breastfeeding to the newborn and the exclusive breastfeeding. Keywords : Breastfed in first one hour, IDHS 2002-2003, multivariate logistic regression
Penyelengaraan sistem informasi kesehatan yang baik sangat diperlukan guna menunjang proses manajemen program-program kesehatan. Buruknya sistem informasi kesehatan akan mengakibatkan pada rendahnya kualitas data & informasi yang dihasilkan dan rendahnya kualitas data & informasi akan berdampak pada kualitas manajemen, seperti perencanaan yang tidak tepat, salah dalam evaluasi keberhasilan program dan sebagainya.Sistem informasi manajemen Puskesmas (SIMPUS) adalah ketentuan teknis secara rinci mengenai sistem pencatatan dan pelaporan terpadu Puskesmas (SP2TP) berdasarkan SK Dit.Jen Binkesmas. No:590/BM/DJ/Info/V/96, bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas manajemen Puskesmas secara lebih berhasil guna dan berdaya guna melalui pemanfaatan secara optimal data SP2TP dan informasi lain yang menunjang. Baik tidaknya penyelenggaraan SIMPUS akan berdampak pada baik tidaknya manajemen Puskesmas. Baik tidaknya manajemen Puskesmas diduga berkaitan dengan kinerja pelaksana program dalam penyelenggaraan SIMPUS, mulai dari pengumpulan data (pencatatan), pengolahan data, analisis dan interpretasi informasi hasil olahan data, pelaporan dan pemanfaatannya untuk menunjang proses manajemen Puskesmas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kinerja pelaksana program dalam penyelenggaraan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Puskesmas di Kota Bengkulu.Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 144 dari 150 total populasi. Populasi penelitian adalah 10 pelaksana program pada 15 Puskesmas yang ada di kota Bengkulu. Pengumpulan data variabel terikat maupun variabel bebas dilakukan dengan metode self-assesment (kuesioner diisi oleh responden sendiri). Khusus untuk variabel terikat yaitu kinerja pelaksana program dalam penyelenggaraan SIMPUS, setelah responden menjawab/mengisi kuesioner, peneliti melakukan observasi dan pengecekan jawaban respoden sekaligus melakukan koreksi atas kebenaran kecocokan jawaban yang diisi oleh responder.Hasil penelitian melaporkan proporsi pelaksana program dalam penyelenggaraan SIMPUS yang kinerjanya baik sebanyak 52,8% dan yang kinerjanya tidak baik sebanyak 47,2%. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa ada tiga faktor yang berhubungan dengan kinerja pelaksana program dalam penyelenggaraan SIMPUS di Kota Bengkulu yaitu pelatihan, pengetahuan tentang SIMPUS dan uraian tugas.Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kinerja pelaksana program dalam penyelenggaraan SIMPUS di kota Bengkulu belum dilaksanakan dengan baik, untuk itu perlu mendapat perhatian Pimpinan Puskesmas dan Kepala Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bengkulu : Pertama kegiatan pelatihan perlu ditingkatkan baik dari jumlah dan mutunya, kedua diperlukan upaya khusus peningkatan pengetahuan tentang SIMPUS pada setiap pelaksana program Puskesmas seperti melengkapi buku-buku pedoman SIMPUS di setiap Puskesmas dan ketiga perlu adanya uraian tugas yang jelas pada setiap pelaksana program di Puskesmas khususnya tugas-tugas dan tanggung-jawabnya dalam pengelolaan data dan informasi.
Factors Related to the Performance of Program Officers in Administrating the Puskesmas Management Information Systems (SIMPUS) in Bengkulu City 2001Good health information system is needed to support the process of managing health programs. Unreliable health information system will produce low quality data and information. Low quality data and information, as a consequence, will damage the decision making process of health management, such as reducing their ability to plan accurately, hampering program performance evaluation, and other problems.Puskesmas management information systems (SIMPUS) is detailed technical provision concerning integrated recording dan reporting systems of Puskesmas (SP2TP) which is based on SK Dit. Jenn. Binkenmas No. 590/BM/DJ/Info/V/96. The provision is aimed to enhance the effectiveness of Puskesmas management through optimal use of SP2TP data and other supporting information. The quality of SIMPUS administration will directly affect the effectiveness of Puskesmas management.The effectiveness of Puskesmas management is hypothesized to be related to the performance of program officers in administrating SIMPUS, from the start of data collecting (recording), processing, analyzing and interpretation of the outputs, reporting, to utilizing information to support Puskesmas management. The objective of this study is to identify factors related to the performance of program officers in administrating SIMPUS in Bengkulu City.The design of the study is cross-sectional, using a sample of 144, with the total population of 150. The population consists of 10 program officers at each of 15 Puskesmasses located in Bengkulu City.The collection of data concerning dependent and independent variables was done using self-assesment method (the respondents were asked to fill the questionnaire by him or her). In the case of dependent variable, i.e. the performance of program officers in administrating SIMPUS, after the respondents filled the questionnaires, the researcher still had to make direct observations over the process SIMPUS administration, verify the answers of respondents, and make correction, if necessary.The study found that the proportion of program officers having good performance in administrating SIMPUS is 52,8%, and the proportion of program officers whose performance low is 47,2%. The results of analysis found three factors that affect program officers? performance in administrating SIMPUS in Bengkulu City: training, knowledge of SIMPUS, and job description.It can be concluded that program officers? performance in administrating SIMPUS in Bengkulu city is effectively low performances. Hence, these results should get attention from managers of Puskesmasses and Head office of health Bengkulu City: first, the number and quality of trainings should be increased, second there should be special efforts to increase program officers knowledge of SIMPUS, for example through providing SIMPUS manuals at every Puskesmas and the third, there should be clear description of tasks to be performed by program officers, especially description of tasks related to managing data and information.