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Anemia gizi yang disebabkan karena kekurangan zat besi masih merupakan masalah gizi utama di Indonesia. SKRT tahun 1995 menunjukkan bahwa 50,9 % ibu hamil menderita anemia, sedangkan pada kehamilan trimester III angkanya sebesar 49,2 %. Hasil survey anemia gizi ibu hamil di kabupaten Donggala tahun 1996, juga menunjukkan angka anemia yang sangat tinggi, yaitu 92,12 %. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa anemia gizi ibu hamil masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang perlu mendapat perhatian serius.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pesan cakupan suplementasi tablet tambah darah (Fe3) ibu hamil dan faktor lainnya yang berhubungan dengan kadar Hb ibu hamil trimester III, yang nantinya dapat dijadikan masukan untuk perencanaan program penanggulangan anemia gizi ibu hamil. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Donggala Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, dan sebagai unit analisisnya adalah ibu hamil, yang usia kehamilannya _> 7 bulan pada saat penelitian dilakukan, baik pada wanita primigravida maupun multigravida.Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional, dan cara pengambilan sampelnya dilakukan dengan pendekatan metode multistage random sampling dengan jumlah sampelnya sebanyak 150 ibu hamil trimester III. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa 63,5 % ibu hamil trimester III di Kabupaten Donggala menderita anemia. Persentase anemia ini lebih tinggi pada daerah dengan cakupan suplementasi tablet tambah darah yang rendah (< 80 %) dibandingkan dengan daerah yang cakupan suplementasi tablet tambah darahnya tinggi (? 80 %).Hasil uji bivariate menunjukkan hubungan bermakna, antara cakupan suplementasi tablet tambah darah (Fe3) ibu hamil, konsumsi tablet tambah darah, tingkat pendidikan ibu, alat kontrasepsi hormonal dan ukuran LILA ibu dengan kadar Hb ibu hamil. Sedangkan variabel lain seperti : umur ibu, tingkat pengetahuan, status pekerjaan, usia kehamilan, dan jarak kehamilan, berbeda tapi tidak bermakna, dan variabel paritas tidak bermakna. Selain itu uji bivariate antara cakupan suplementasi tablet tambah darah dengan konsumsi tablet tambah darah menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna.Dari hasil uji analisis multivariate, terdapat tiga variabel yang berhubungan bermakna dengan kadar Hb ibu hamil, yaitu variabel konsumsi tablet tambah darah, tingkat pendidikan, dan ukuran lingkar lengan atas (LILA). Dari ketiga variabel tersebut, LILA merupakan variabel yang paling dominan.Karena masih rendahnya konsumsi tablet tambah darah, dimana faktor tersebut merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kadar Hb ibu hamil, maka perlu adanya upaya peningkatan KIE yang berkaitan dengan konsumsi tablet tambah darah. LILA ibu merupakan faktor yang dominan berhubungan dengan kadar Hb ibu hamil, oleh karena itu ukuran lingkar lengan atas ibu dapat dijadikan indikasi anemia. Dengan demikian upaya peningkatan KIE pada ibu yang LILA nya < 23,5 cm perlu dilakukan.Mengingat cakupan suplementasi tablet tambah darah berkaitan dengan konsumsi tablet tambah darah, sementara konsumsi tablet tambah darah berpengaruh terhadap kadar Hb ibu hamil, maka upaya peningkatan cakupan program suplementasi tablet tambah darah harus terus dilakukan, dengan penekanannya pada aspek monitoring program dan diupayakan agar tablet tambah darah diberikan lebih dini kepada ibu hamil.Daftar bacaan : 57 (1972 - 2001)
The Coverage Role of Iron Tablet Supplemental (Fe3) from Pregnant Mother and Other Factors to Mother's Hemoglobin (Hb) Content on the Third Trimesters in Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi Province Year of 2001Nutritional anemia because of the iron deficiency is still became particular problem of nutrition in Indonesia. SKRT in the year of 1995, shown that of 50,9 percent of mother in pregnancy has suffered of anemia, whereas in pregnancy within the third trimester, it's figure amount of 49,2 percent. Data of survey reported that nutritional anemia of pregnant mother, 1996 in Donggala Regency as well that the number of anemia are very high, that is 92,12 percent. The matter, shown that nutritional anemia of pregnant mother is still remaining a problem seriously.This research has aim to identify the role of coverage of iron tablet supplemental (Fe3) from pregnant mother and other factor in relation to mother's Hb content on the third trimester, for the next it can be made an input for planning program of tackling to nutritional anemia of pregnant mother.The research conducted in Donggala Regency, Province of Central Sulawesi and as analysis unit is pregnant mother with pregnant aged of _> 7 months during research conducted of the both for women in first pregnancy (Primigravida) and multi pregnancy (Multigravida).Design research applied cross sectional and the ways of adopting the sample carried out by approaching multistage random sampling method withtotal of it's samples as many of 150 mother pregnancies on the third trimester. This results of research concluded that 63,5 percent of pregnant mother on the third trimester in Donggala Regency has anemia. This anemia percentage is higher at site with coverage of iron tablet supplemental is low (< 80 percent) than coverage's site of iron tablet supplemental is high (_> 80 percent).The result of bivariate test indicated that value a significant relation among coverage of iron tablet supplemental (Fe3) from pregnant mother, iron tablet consumption, education level of mother, hormone contraception device and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of mother with Hb content of mother age, knowledge-level, occupation status, age of pregnancy, and range of pregnancy were different but no significant, and variable parity has no significant.From the result of multivariate consumption iron tablet supplemental, education Ievel and mid-upper arm circumference measurement (MUAC), from the three of those variables upper hand measurement is the most dominant variables.Due to the consumption for iron tablet supplemental is low remain that the related factor is one of influencing factor to Hb content of pregnant mother, therefore, attempts to increase KIE (Communication, Information and Education) that related with consumption of iron tablet supplemental is apparently needed. The mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) relating with Hb content of mother pregnant, as a result upper hand measurement of mother can be made anemia indication. Thus, attempts to increase KIE of mother whose mid-upper ann circumference (MUAC) measurement of < 23,5 cm is necessary followed up.Considering that coverage of iron tablet supplemental relating with iron tablet consumption while consume iron tablet impact to Hb content of pregnant mother attempts to increase coverage of iron tablet supplemental must be done continuity by stressing to aspect of monitoring program and attempted that iron tablet is earlier given to pregnant mother.References : 57 (1972 - 2001)
Anemia terjadi diseluruh dunia baik pada negara maju maupun pada negara terbelakang. Dampak anemia pada WUS adalah menurunkan produktivitas kerja, menurunkan imunitas, bahkan pada anemia tingkat berat dapat mengakibatkan kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh suplementasi MGM (Multi Gizi Mikro) dibandingkan TTD (Tablet Tambah Darah). MGM mengandung 12 Vitamin dan 4 mineral, kandungan besinya fero fumarat 20 mg. Sedangkan TTD mengandung 60 me fero sulfat dan 0,25 mg Asam folat. Disain penelitian adalah kuasi experimental non blinded, Sampel dikelompokkan menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok TTD dan kelompok MGM, masing masing terdiri dari 50 orang. Cara pengambilan sampel pada data primer adalah secara purposive. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji beda T independen, Dependeden T test, Anova dan regresi linear ganda. Variabel Dependent adalah perubahan kadar Hb, variabel independen adalah umur, status nikah, paritas, jumlah pendapatan.jumlah tanggungan keluarga, asupan zat penghambat dan peningkat besi, asupan energi, protein, Vit A, Vit C, B12, Asam Folat,kepatuhan dan komplhin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 36 % nakerwan kadar Hbnya berubah menjadi normal. Perubahan kadar Hb sebelum diberikan intervensi dibandingkan setelah diberikan suplementas: TTD mavypun MGM selama 2 bulan terdapat perubahan yang bermakna (P=0,000).Pernbahan kadar Hb pada suplementasi TTD 0,62 ar/dl, sedangkan pada suplementasi MGM 0,64 gr/di.Perbedaan perubahan kadar Hb pada suplementasi TID dan MGM tidak berbeda.P >0,05. Variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap perubahan kadar Hb adalah konsumsi zat peningkat besi. Variabel lain yang berpengaruh terhadap perubahan kadar Hb adalah Hb awal dan komplin. Variabel konfonding adalah jumlah tanggungan keluarga, jumlah hari haid, jumlah paritas,asupan protein dan kepatuhan.
Anemia is a common problem that happened in any kind of country, developed or developing country, The impact of anemia in Women Childbearing are the degradation of productivity and immunity. Heavy level of anemia can caused death. Objective of this research is to identification the difference effect between MGM (Multi Micro Nutrient) and TTD (iron tablet) supplementation. MGM contain of !2 vitamins, 4 minerals, and 20 mg Fe Fumarat. TTD contain of 60 mg Fero Sulfate and 0,25 mg Folic Acid, and MGM contain 12 kinds of Vitamin and Fero Fumarat 20 mg also 3 kinds others mineral (yodium, Zink and Selenium). Research design that used in this research is quasi experimenta) non blinded. Samples are classified as 2 classes (TTD and MGM class) with 5Q person each class and totally sampling are 100 persons. As the dependent variable is the changes of Hb concentrate, independence variable are age, marriage status, paritas, total of family income, total intake from the family, intake of prohibit nutrient and precursor of iron supplementation, protein, vitamin A, vitamin c, vitamin BJ2 and folat acid, obedient factors also supplement consumption. Suplementation given for 2 months, TTD given | tablet each week and when menarche period 10 tablets. MGM given for one week 7 sachet, for consumption each day. Analyze data using Test T independent, paired T Test, anova and regretion double linear. In this research, there is no changes of Hb contains which is significant to the group which is given TTD also MGM, p>0.05.The difference of Hb concentrate to TTD supplementation TTD 0.62 gr/dl, to MGM 0.64 gr/dl. The changes of Hb concentrate after given of TTD supplementation and MGM for 2 months there is a changes which is significant.(P=0,000).The most variable influence to changes of Hb concentrate are consumption of Iron supplement. Others variable which are influenced to changed of Hb concentrate are Hb before analyzes and reaction after consumpiion of iron supplement. Confounding variable are total of family responsibility, total of day menarche, paritas, intake of protein and compliance.
Compared to other developing countries, Indonesia is one of the high prevalence countries with anemia among pregnant women. Whereas anemia in pregnant women causes 40% of high maternal mortality in Indonesia, it also impact on retarding fetal growth, increasing the risk of low birth weight and premature birth, as well as rooting stunting and early anemia. WHO recommends to prevent anemia in pregnant women by iron supplementation every day as part of antenatal care. Kemenkes RI (2015) recommends pregnant women to consume a minimum 90 tablets of iron supplement during pregnancy as a form of anemia prevention. Based on the IDHS 2017 survey, the province with the lowest level of iron consumption was Southeast Sulawesi (14%) followed by North Sumatra (15%). In the previous 2012 IDHS research results, North Sumatra was also in the 4th lowest position in the consumption of iron for pregnant women with 8.7%. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine what factors influence the adherence to Iron Supplement consumption. This can be seen from several factors such as age, occupation, education, area of residence, parity, distance between births, frequency of ANC, type ANC workers, ANC place, and availability of iron tablets at home. This study uses a cross sectional design and using secondary data from the IDHS 2017 in North Sumatra with a sample of 464 people. The results of univariate analysis were pregnant women in North Sumatra showed that there was a higher percentage of mothers who belonged to the risk age group, had low and secondary education, working, lived in urban areas, multiparity parity, had a birth interval of 24 months, the frequency of ANC appropriate, health workers as ANC personnel, health facilities as ANC places and have the availability of iron tablets at home. The results of bivariat analysis showed that three variables were statistically proven to have a significant relationship with adherence of taking iron tablets among pregnant women, such as education (p=0.002, OR=2.153), parity (p=0.020, OR=3.544) and frequency of ANC (p=0.001, OR =2.419). While the variables that did not show a significant relationship were age (p=0.444), occupation (p=0.236), area of residence (p=0.523), distance between births (p=0.968), ANC personnel (0.517), ANC location (p=1,000) and availability of iron at home (can not be analyzed). From this study there is some suggestions for the government can collaborate across sectors to overcome the low level of women's education in North Sumatra, intensify promotion and information on iron tablets on social media, intensify counseling and education about family planning, create additional service programs regarding iron tablets for pregnant women with low education. In addition, other researchers can do better research in terms of testing data, methods and data sources.
UNICEF data shows that the prevalence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) in Indonesia has not decreased significantly for a decade and a half [2000 (11.2%) ? 2015 (10%)]. Indonesia is ranked ninth in the world with the highest incidence of LBW. Then, babies born weighing <2500 grams (LBW) are at higher risk of premature death, stunted growth and development, low IQ, and non-communicable diseases. One of the causes of LBW is anemia where iron deficiency is known to be a risk factor. Iron deficiency in pregnant women can be avoided by taking blood-added tablets (TTD) as long as recommended (≥90 tablets). However, pregnant women in Indonesia who consume iron tablets as recommended are still low (38%). Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between maternal consumption of iron tablets during pregnancy and low birth weight. The study design used was cross-sectional by analyzing the 2018 Basic Health Research data. Chi-square analysis was used to determine the relationship between exposure (TTD consumption) and outcome (LBW) as well as other variables included in this study. TTD consumption as a determinant and other independent variables are pregnancy complications, gestational age, parity, history of hypertension, desire to have children, gestational age at K1, frequency of ANC, maternal age at pregnancy, education level, employment status, area of residence, and smoking habits. There is a significant relationship between maternal TTD consumption during pregnancy and the incidence of LBW. Mothers who did not take TTD at least 90 tablets had a 1.12 times greater risk of giving birth to LBW (95% CI: 1.02-1.2). Other factors that were significantly associated with LBW were pregnancy complications, gestational age, parity, history of hypertension, desire to have children, frequency of antenatal care, maternal age, maternal education level, employment status, area of residence, and smoking habits. It is expected that during pregnancy the mother routinely consumes 1 tablet of TTD every day at least 90 tablets, and routinely conducts pregnancy checks to unite the growth and development of the baby to prevent the incidence of LBW.
Berat lahir merupakan indikator yang paling ?reliable? dipakai sebagai indikator pertumbuhan anak. Beberapa ukuran antropometri ibu selama hamil seperti pertambahan berat badan, indeks massa tubuh, dan lingkar lengan merupakan prediktor yang baik untuk berat lahir dan kelangsungan hidup anak Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) ibu hamil trimester 1 dan faktor lainnya dengan berat dan panjang lahir bayi. Penelitian dilakukan secara potong lintang menggunakan data sekunder yang berasal dari catatan rekam medis 232 pasangan ibu-bayi yang melahirkan-lahir di Puskesmas Kecamatan Makasar, Jakarta Timur tahun 2011 sampai Maret 2103. Rata- rata berat lahir±simpangan baku 3052,8±366,8gram dan rata-rata panjang lahir±simpangan baku 48,6±1,77cm. Ditemukan 41,4% bayi lahir dengan berat lahir <3000gram dan 26,7% lahir dengan panjang lahir <48cm. Rata-rata IMT ibu trimester 1±simpangan baku 22±3,58kg/m², 17,2% ibu yang mempunyai IMT trimester 1 < 18,5kg/m² dan 56,9% ibu dengan pertambahan berat badan yang tidak adekuat selama hamil.
Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara berat lahir bayi dengan IMT ibu trimester 1, lingkar lengan, dan usia gestasi. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara panjang lahir bayi dengan IMT ibu trimester 1, lingkar lengan, dan usia gestasi. Hasil uji multivariat menyatakan bahwa IMT ibu trimester 1 merupakan faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan berat lahir bayi, dan ibu dengan IMT trimester 1 < 18,5kg/m² mempunyai peluang 2,66 kali lebih besar untuk melahirkan bayi < 3000gram dibanding ibu dengan IMT yang lebih besar. IMT ibu trimester 1 juga merupakan faktor paling yang berhubungan dengan panjang lahir bayi, dan ibu dengan IMT trimester 1 < 18,5kg/m² mempunyai peluang 2,14 kali lebih besar untuk melahirkan bayi < 48cm dibanding ibu dengan IMT yang lebih besar.
Birth weight is an indicator of the most 'reliable' is used as an indicator of the growth of children. Some mothers during pregnancy anthropometric measures such as weight gain, body mass index, and arm circumference are good predictors for birth weight and child survival. The main of this study was to determine the relationship of body mass index (BMI) first trimester pregnant women and other factors to weighing and long-born baby. A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data derived from medical record 232 mother-infant pairs who were born at Makasar Public Health Center, East Jakarta from 2011 until March 2103. The average birth weight was 3052.8 ± 366.8 grams and the average birth length 48.6 ± 1.77 cm. It was found that 41.4% of infants born with a birth weight <3000gram and 26.7% were born with birth length <48cm. Average the first trimester maternal BMI was obtained 22 ± 3.58 kg / m², 17.2% of women have first trimester BMI <18.5 kg / m² and 56.9% of women with weight gain during pregnancy is not adequate.
There was a significant association between birth weight infants with first trimester maternal BMI, arm circumference, and gestational age. And also a significant relationship between the length of a baby born with first trimester maternal BMI, arm circumference, and gestational age were obtained. Multivariate test results were stated that the first trimester maternal BMI was the most factor associated with infant birth weight, and maternal BMI trimester with 1 <18.5 kg / m² had a 2.66 times greater chance of having a baby <3000gram than mothers with higher BMI large. As well as,1st trimester maternal BMI is also the most factor associated with the lenght of baby born, and mothers with 1st trimester BMI <18.5 kg / m² had 2.14 times greater odds of having infants <48cm compared to mothers with a BMI greater.
Anemia gizi merupakan masalah defisiensi gizi yang terbanyak dan merupakan penyebab anemia terbesar pada kchamilan. Di Indonesia anemia gizi pada ibu hamil masih menjadi masalah gizi utama yaitu sebesar 40,1 % (SKRT 2001). Tczjadinya anemia gizi pada ibu hamil disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, yaitu rendahnya asupan besi, gangguan absorpsi dan kehilangan besi akibat perdarahan menahun, disamping status penyakit yang diderita ibu hamil seperti malaria, infeksi casing, HIV/AIDS dan penyakit genetik (thalassemia). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan prevalensi anemia gizi ibu hamil serta mengidentifikasi faktor - faktor yang berhubungan dengan kcjadian ibu hamil Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin Tahun 2008. Penelitian ini mengglmakan' pendekatan kuantitatif dcngan desain: ,wtcng !in!ang. Sampel adalah ibu hamil trimester I, II dan III yang terpilih melalui prosedur pemilihan sampel dengan metode random sampling. Junlah sampel seluruhnya adalah 228 ibu hamil. Cara pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode multisrage. Sebagai kluster adalah desa yang diambil sebanyak 30 desa dari 206 deca yang ada di Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin. Desa dipilih secara acak proposional. Variabel dependen penelitian ini adalah kadar Hb ibu hamil yang diukur dengan metode sahli, sedangkan variabel independen terdiri dari umur ibu, LILA, paritas, pekerjaan, jarak kehamilan, riwayat penggunaan alat kontrasepsi, asupan zat besi, makanan sumber heme dan non heme, makanan peningkat dan penghambat absorpsi zat besi, TTD, pengetahuan tentang anemia, iingkat pendidikan ibu dan tingkat ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi anemia gizi ibu hamil di Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin sebesar 42,5 %. Berdasarkan usia kchamilan, prevalensi anemia gizi lebih tinggi pada ibu hamil trimester I (63,7 %) dibandingkan dengan trimester 1] (39,1 %) dan trimester IH 39,1 %). Sebagian besar responden berada pada umur yang tidak berisiko untuk hamil (20 - 35 tahun), tidak berisiko dalam paritas dan LILA. Seluruh ibu hamil (100%) telah melakukan ANC dengan jumlah yang bervariasi di tiap trimester. Terdapat 21,9 % responden yang belum pemah mendapatkan TTD, yang sebagian besar dialami oleh ibu hamil trimester I. Sebanyak 56,2 % mengonsumsi zat besi < 90 % AKG, jarang mengonsumsi makanan sumber heme (54,8 %) dan non heme (58,3 %), tetapi sering mengonsumsi makanan peningkat absorpsi Fe (51,3 %). Hasil uji bivariat dengan Chi-Square, terdapat hubungan yang bexmakna antara umur ibu (nilai p = 0,008, OR ; 2,485), umur kehamilan (nilai p = 0.047, OR : 0,372), jarak kelahiran (nilai p = 0,019, OR : 0,5 12), tingkat pengetahuan (nilai p = 0,024, OR : I ,l43) dengan anemia gizi ibu hamil di Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin Tahun 2008. Hasil akhir analisis multivariat mendapatkan vaxiabel umur ibu merupakan variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan terjadinya anemia gizi ibu hamil Dengan nilai p 0,024, OR : 2,3 (95% CI 1,128 - 4,61 1), sehingga dapat disimpulkan responden dengan umur kehamilan berisiko (35 tahun) berpeluang untuk menderita anemia gizi sebesar 2,3 kali dibandingkan dengan responden yang berada pada kelompok umur aman untuk kehamilan (20 - 35 tahun) setelah dikontrol variabel umur kehamilan, jarak kelahiran, tingkat pendidikan dan pengetahun ibu. Saran yang diajukan dalam penelitian adalah meningkatkan KIE ibu hamil terutama mengenai anemia gizi, sumber malcanan heme, non heme, peningkat dan penghambat absorpsi F e rnelalui penyuluhan seeara rutin di posyandu dan puskcsmas. serta peningkatan cakupan suplementasi TTD. Terhadap temuan hasil penelitian ini, perlu dilakukan screening anemia pada remaja putri dan wanita sebelum hamil. Perlunya peningkatan kualitas pelayanan terutama dalam pemeriksaan kehamilan.
Anemia is the most nutrition deficiency problem and as the biggest anemia cause in pregnancy. In Indonesia, it still becomes the main nutrient problem (40,1% SKRT 2001). The nutrient anemia ofthe pregnant mother is caused by many factors, example : lack of calcium ,absorption hindrance and lost of calcium caused of chronic bleeding, besides the illness status suffered by pregnant mother such as malaria, wonn infection, HIV/AIDS and genetically illness ( thalasscmia ). This aim of this research in to have prevalantion of pregnant mother iron deficiency anemia and also to identify some factors related to pregnant woman’s case in Musi Banyuasin regency in 2008. This research uses quantitative rapprochement by cross sectional. The sample is at the first, second and third three semester of pregnant mother selected by stratiication sample of choosing procedures. The totally sample is 228 pregnant mothers. Sample withdrawal way uses the stratification multistage method. As the cluster is taken 30 villages from 206 which is in Musi Banyuasin Regency. It has taken in a cluster as proportional randomly. Dependent variable of the research is Hb value of pregnant woman measured by sahli method, and independent variable contents of motl1er’s age, mid arm circumstances, parity, job, pregnancy space, calcium consumption, heme and non heme food sources, barrier food of calcium absorption, iron tablets supplementation, anemia knowledge, mothers’ education level and economic level. The result of this research finds the nutrient anemia of pregnant mother in Musi Banyuasin Regency is totally 42,5%. Based on the pregnancy ages, iron deficiency anemia prevalantion is higher in the first semester of pregnant mother ( 63,7% ) than the second three semester 9 39,l% ) and the third three semester (39,l%). Most of respondents are in save ages of pregnancy ( 20-35 years old ) and has lower risks parity and mid ann circumtances. Bivariat test result with Chi-square, found significant relationship between mother’s ages (p:0,008, OR 2,485), pregnancy ages (p:0.047, OR 0,372), pregnancy space (p:0,019, OR 0,5l2), knowledge level (p:0,024 OR l,l43) with anemia of pregnant mother in Musi Banyuasin in 2008. The final result of mothers’ age analysis totally OR = 2,3 with 95% CI 1,128 - 4,661 1, so it can concluded that respondent with risk of pregnancy ages (35 years old) have chance to suffer iron deficiency anemia for 2,3 times higher than others respondents who are in save old of pregnancy (20-35 years old) afier being controlled by pregnancy ages variable, pregnancy space, education level and mothers’ knowledge. The suggestion is improvement of pregnant mothers BIC, specifically about nutrient anemia, heme and non heme food sources, increasing and barrier of iron pills supplement. For this research result, it needs to have anemia screening to girls and woman before being pregnant. Services Quality improvement is also needed especially in pregnancy checking up, motivate and controlling the pregnant mother to have iron pills supplement regularly.
Anemia Gizi yang disebabkan karena kekurangan zat besi masih merupakan salah satu masalah gizi utama di Indonesia. Survai Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (SKRT) tahun 1995 menunjukkan bahwa 57,1% Remaja Putri (usia 10-14 tahun) dan 39,5% Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) menderita anemia. Hasil penelitian pada remaja putri di SMUN 3 Padang tahun 1999 juga menunjukkan angka anemia yang cukup tinggi yaitu 25,6%. Namun sejauh ini belum diketahui faktor-faktor apa yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya anemia atau rendahnya kadar hemoglobin pada siswi tersebut.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran asupan zat gizi terutama energi, protein, vitamin C, dan zat besi serta faktor lainnya yang berkaitan dengan kejadian anemia. Penelitian dilakukan pada siswi SMUN 3 Kota Padang Provinsi Sumatera Barat Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional. Pemilihan lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara purposive sampling sedangkan pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara systematic random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 192 orang siswi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan besarnya prevalensi anemia sebesar 29,2%. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara asupan zat gizi (energi,protein, zat besi) dengan kadar Hb siswi (p< 0,05). Faktor pendapatan per kapita berhubungan secara bermakna terhadap kadar Hb, sedangkan tingginya konsumsi bahan makanan penghambat absorbsi zat besi, rendahnya konsumsi bahan makanan peningkat absorbsi zat besi, pola haid yang lama, dan pendidikan ibu yang rendah menunjukkan persentase kejadian anemia yang lebih tinggi walaupun tidak bermakna secara uji statistik. Dan uji multivariat ditemukan 2 (dua) faktor yang berhubungan secara bermakna dengan kadar Hb yaitu asupan protein dan pendapatan per kapita keluarga. Asupan protein merupakan faktor dominan berhubungan dengan kadar Hb.Dari hasil penelitian disarankan kepada sekolah untuk mengembangkan program pencegahan dan penanggulangan anemia dengan pendidikan kesehatan dan gizi melalui diskusi peer group secara berkala, pengembangan materi KIE yang menarik sesuai dengan minat remaja, pengadaan dan pemberian tablet tambah darah bagi siswi pada saat haid, pemeriksaan Hb secara berkala, dan pemberian tablet tambah darah bagi yang anemia. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan bekerja sama dengan organisasi BP3,OSIS, Puskesmas/Dinas Kesehatan Kota Padang, Akademi Gizi Padang, dan Distributor obat.Perlu penelitian dengan ruang lingkup lebih luas untuk mengetahui besarnya permasalahan anemia gizi di Kota Padang, khususnya pada remaja putri sebagai calon ibu agar mutu SDM dapat lebih dioptimalkan.
Nutritional Anemia, and specifically iron deficiency anemia remains one of the most severe and important nutritional deficiencies in Indonesia to day. The household health survey (SKRT) conducted in 1995 showed that 57,1% of adolescent girls (10-14 years old) and 39,5% women of reproductive age (15-44 years old) suffered from anemia. The result of survey on adolescent school girls at SMUN 3 Padang in 1999, showed that prevalence of nutritional anemia among that girls was 25,6%. So far, the factors which are related to that problem not yet known. The potential consequences of anemia in adolescent girls may include fatigue, impaired physical performance, lowered endurance, reduced attention span, decreased school performance and leads to increased risk for morbidity and mortality among pregnant women.The objective of this study was to find out the description of nutrients intake (energy, protein, vitamin C, iron) and other factors related to hemoglobin concentration in adolescent school girls. The study has been done for adolescent school girls at SMUN 3 Padang, West Sumatera. Research designed was using cross sectional study and location of the study based on purposive sampling. Sampling used by systematic random sampling and sample size were 192 adolescent school girls.The results indicates that 29,2% of adolescent schoolgirls was suffered from anemia (Hb concentration < 12 g/dl) and nutrients intake (energy, protein, iron) had significant relation to concentration of hemoglobin of adolescent schoolgirls (p<0,05). The household income per capita also had statistically significant relation to concentration of hemoglobin, while high consumption of inhibitor factor of iron absorption, low consumption of enhancer factor of iron absorption, length of menstruation patterns, and low level of mother education had relation to concentration of hemoglobin but non significant by using statistics. Results of multivariate statistics showed that 2 (two) factors which are protein intake and household income per capita were related significantly with hemoglobin concentration. Protein intake was dominant factor related to hemoglobin concentration.According to the results of the study the author suggests to school to develop preventive and curative program through health and nutrition education with peer group discussion regularly, to develop the attractive material for IEC, to provide and gives iron supplementation to menstrual school girls, to assess hemoglobin concentration regularly, and gives iron supplementation to anemic girls. The activity can be done by teamwork with BP3 organization, OSIS, Public Health Center/Padang Health District, Academy of Nutrition, and Pharmacy Distributor.It needed a study with wide-scale to investigate the problem of nutritional anemia in Padang city, especially in adolescent girls as future mothers in order to make human resources optimalized.
