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Mechanical ventilator is one of the important aspects and frequently used for treatment of critical patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The duration for using mechanical ventilator is important factors caused VAP. This research aimed to find the correlation between duration of mechanical ventilator use and Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) case in ICU RSUD Tarakan Hospital Jakarta 2014 2017. This was an analitic research with observational study (cross-sectional design). Sampling method used consecutive sampling by observed medical records of patients who used mechanical ventilator at least 48 hours and treated at least 3 days in ICU RSUD Tarakan Hospital Jakarta January 2014 December 2017, as many as 106 sampels. Data was analyzed by chi-square, t-test independent, and logistic regression. Prevalention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) was about 17,9%. Duration of mechanical ventilator use and duration of treatment had significant correlation to VAP. While age, basic disease, sleep position, surgery and antibiotic treatment insignificant to VAP. Multivariate analysis showed that duration of mechanical ventilators use variable was the most dominant variable related to VAP OR=5,265 (95% CI: 1,084-25,548)
Hospitals are health institutions that provide health services for patients, thus transmission of infectious diseases in hospital must be controlled. Study was conducted to determine whether or not there were underreported cases of VAP. This research is a qualitative observational study with descriptive data from 96 patients with positive sputum culture results from January - December 2018 as initial data. It was found from a review of medical record documents of patients with ventilator usage history that there were 5 cases of VAP. Based on FGD results, in-depth interviews, and fishbone diagram, it was found that VAP surveillance policy and implementation of VAP bundle were not detailed, there was no integrated SOP, human resource factors such as lack of discipline and no audit system that guaranteed the validity of surveillance and uniformity of health services quality. With PDCA method, researcher formulated a workframe, namely updating the policy for prevention and control of VAP, improvement and refinement of SOPs related to surveillance and implementation of VAP bundles, developing VAP surveillance and VAP bundle audit system, developing educational systems periodically to ensure a common level of understanding at the level of policy implementers and a comprehensive evaluation of policies and SOPs.
