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Background: Farmers are the main activities in rural areas. Hypertension is the most commonand acquired cardiovascular disorder that can be acquired from socioeconomic, demographic,and epidemiological transitions. The purpose of this study was to determine asosiation andcontribution LDL cholesterol to hypertension.Method: The design in this study was a cross sectional study. This study used secondary datafrom Siskohatkes (computerized integrated haj computerized system). The population is allpilgrims who work as farmers in the rural areas of South Sumatra Province. Secret sample 411productive ages (15-64 years). The main independent variable is LDL and the major dependentis hypertension. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate using multiplelogistic regression. Potential compensation uses a meaningless risk (AR%) while the measureuses the Odds ratio (OR)Result: Multivariate analysis of the final model with multiple regression, there was arelationship between LDL cholesterol with hypertension, P = 0.001, OR 2.284 with 95% CI(1,474-3,540) after intervention by time and BMI. Based on the trigger using AR%, get a valueof 4.0 or 40%. This means if the cholesterol level <160 mg / dl can prevent hypertension by40% in the population.Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between LDL cholesterol and hypertension afteradjusted age and BMI.Keywords: LDL cholesterol, Hypertension, Farmer, Rural.
Setiap tahun, kurang Iebih 200.000 jemaah haji Indonesia menunaikan ibadah haji.. Hingga saat ini,angka mortalitas haji Indonesia masih tinggi, kcmatian pada kelompok usia lanjut lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok jemaah lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyakit pemafasan yang sudah diidap sebelum ibadah haji terhadap kematian jemaah usia lanjut Indonesia pada musim haji 1428 H(2007 - 2008). Subyek pcnelitian ini adalah 42.885 jemaah usia lanjut Indonesia,dengan 311 kasus kematian. Desain penelitian kohort retrospektiiimasa pcngamatan 68 hari sejak 17 November - 23 Januari 2008. Analisis mcnggunakan Iogistik regresi ganda. Jemaah yang sudah mengidap penyakit pemafasan sebelum ibadah haji secara statistik berpengaruh secaza bermakna tcrhadap kematian jemaah usia lanjut Indonesia (RR= 2,57 ; 95% CI:l,60 - 4,13 ; nilai p=0,00 ). Insiden kematian jemaah pcngidap penyakit pemafasan (2,00%),sedang.ka.': yang tidal; mengidap penyakit pernafasaan sebesar (0,'70%). Jemaah yang mengidap penyakit serebrovaskular mempunyai risiko kematian 2,10 kali dibandingkan jemaah yang tidak mengidap penyakit serebrovaskular (95%CI: 1,44 - 3,04 ; nilai p=0,00). Sedangkan jemaah yang mengidap penyakit endokrin dan metabolik mempunyai risiko kematian 2,05 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan jemaah yang tidak mengidap penyakit endokrin dan metabolik (95%CI: 1,37 - 3,06 ;nilai p=0,00). Data rawat jemaah JI-II di Arab Saudi menyebutkan bahwa alasan terbanyak JHI untuk berobat dan dirawat adalah karena penyakit pemafasan. Karena penyakit pemafasan yang berisiko tinggi kematian berkisar 40% pada usia lanjut adalah pneumonia,dan mengingat tahun 1428 H adalah musim dingin, kemungkinan besar JI-II usia lanjut wafat disebabkan oleh pneumonia Hanya saja data rekam medik .THI tidak lengkap untuk menjelaskan keadaan tersebut. Karakteristik individual jemaah haji yang berkontribusi terhadap kematian adalah faktor usia, jenis kelamin, gelombang pemberangkatann. JH1 dengan usia 2 80 tahun mempunyai risiko kematian 5,10 kali Iebih tinggi (95% Cl : 3,38 - 7,67 ; nilai p 0,00) dibandingkan dcngan jemaah berusia 60-69 tahun, Jemaah berusia 70 - 79 tahun mempunyai risiko kematian 2,13 kali Iebih tinggi (95%CI: 1,88 - 2,67; nilai 0,00). Jemaah laki-Iaki yang berusia 260 tahlm berisiko untuk wafat 1,88 kali (95% CI:I,48 - 2,37 nilai p 0,00) dibandingkan dcngan jemaah perempuan. Jemaah yang tiba lebih awal dengan gelombang pemberangkatan I mempunyai risiko untuk wafat Iebih tinggi 1,31 kali (95% CI: 1,05 - 1,64 ; nilai p 0,02) dibandingkan jemaah yang diberangkatkan dengan gelombang II. Saran penelitian adalah agar jemaah pengidap penyakit pemafasan, khususnya PPOK menghentikan kebiasaan merokok, melakukan Iatihan pemafasan, dan diberi pengetahuan tentang penyakit-penyakit yang kemungkinan diderita. Perlu diberikan pelatihan pembekalan khusus untuk para dokter dalam deteksi dini, diaglosis dan penanganan penyakit yang tcpan Juga dianjurkan pemeriksaan faal pam berkala dengan spirometer khususnya calon jemaah yang mengidap asthma dan PPOK.
Annually, about 200.000 Indonesian pilgrims come to perform the ritual Haji.'I`ilI now, mortality rate of Indonesian pigrims is still high , and old age death is relative higher compared to group pilgrims of other age. The aim ofthe study is to know the iniluence of respiratory disease that is suffered before pilgrimace to the number of the d th of old Indonesian hajj pilgrims in haji season 1428 H (2007 - 2008). This study conducted 42.885 old Indonesian pilgrims with 311 numbers of death. The study design is retrospective cohort, to observe subject about 58 days from 17 November 2007 to 23 January 2008. The method used in this study is multiple logistic regressions. The influence of respiratory disease that is suffered before pilgrimage has statistic significantly to the death of old Indonesian pilgrims in hajj season 1428 H ( RR= 2,57 ; 95% CI:1,60 - 4,13 ; p value =0,00).The incidence mortality rate in pilgrims who have a respiratory disease that is suffered before pilgrimace (2,00%) is much the same to pilgrims in normal health condition (0,70 %). Pilgrims who have cerebrovascular disease have 2,10 times risk of death (95%CI: 1,44 - 3,04 ; p value 0,00), and pilgrims who have endocrine and metabolic disease have 2,05 times tisk of death ( 95% CI : 1,37 - 3,06 ; p value 0,00). From data which is taken by taking care of Indonesian pilgrims in Arab Saudi mention that mostly the reason to cure and taken care of Indonesian pilgrims is because of respiration system disease. Because respiration disease which has a high risk of death approximately 40% for the elderly people is pneumonia and to keep in mind that 1428 H is winter time it’s quite possible that old age Indonesian pilgrims pass away caused by pneumonia. But record data medic Indonesian pilgrims is incomplete to explain that situation. Individual characteristic of hajj pilgims factors that contribute to the death of ordinary old age Indonesian hajj pilgirns are age, sex, and length of stay in Arab Saudi. The pilgrims of the ages 2 80 years have 5,10 times higher risk of death ( 95% CI : 3,38 - 7,67 ; p value 0,00) compared to the pilgrims of 60 to 69 years old. The pilgrims of 70 to 79 years old have 2,13 times risk of death (95%CI: 1,88 - 2,67; p value 0,00). The men of the ages 2 60 years have 1,88 times risk of death ( 95% CI: 1,48 - 2,37 ; p value 0,00) compared to the women. Pilgrims who arrived earlier in the iirst tum have 1,31 times higher risk of death (95% CI: 1,05 - 1,64 ; p value 0,02) compared to those who arrive in the second tum. The suggestion is in order that pilgrims who have respiratory disease that is suifered before pilgrimage, especially with COPD is to stop the habit of smoking, conduct exhalation practice, and given the science of diseases that will possible be suifered. Special trainning must be given to doctors in early detection, diagnosis and handling disease correctly. Also is suggested that physiological respiratory examination must carried out periodically with spirometer especially pilgrim candidate with asthma bronchiale and COPD.