Respiration illness has some different symptoms basically is caused of irritation, failure of transparent muccociliari, more rekresi lender and respiration stricture. Children under tive years old at Primary Heath Care of Pangkalan Kerinci in Pelalawan District risk of respiration problem and based on result of annual report at Primary Health Care, respiration trouble illness is the tirst of ten illnesses at this area. lt is because of most public spend 90 % their time in room (house). Therefore research is pointed by the way of looking for relationship between PMN rate at house, house physical environment factor and children under tive years old characteristic which related to respiration problem occurrence becoming a reason. WHO estimated that there were 400-500 millions people who faced air pollution problem of variation room including headache, head cold, drought red lane, drought coughs, eye irritation, skin irritation, influenza, breathless and tuberculosis. This research purpose to know prevalence between respiration problem illness among children under tive years old, relationship of PMN rate at house, house physical environment factor (10 variables) and children under tive years old characteristic (5 variables) with respiration problem illness occurrence among children under tive years old, and looking for factor which is most dominance effect of respiration problem illness among children under tive years old at Primary Health Care of Pangkalan Kerinci, Pelalawan District in Riau Province, time period of Measurement appliance which is used to measure PM", rate at house consists of Haz Dust Sampler, EPAM S000 model, temperature by thennometer, dampness by hygrometer, illumination by luxmeter, and appliance which is used to get primary data of children under tive years old characteristic by questionnaire and checklist. 'l`his research used a cross sectional design which participating population of 615 Head of Family (KK) by sample number of 261 children under five years old, where data was collected at the same time of PMN, rate, house physic environment and children under five years old characteristic and there were not respiration problem illness occurrence among children under five years old. Based on research result which has been done it was indicated that: l). Prevalence of children under tive years old who faced of respiration problem illness was 78,2 % _ 2). Children under five years old house with PMN rate which did not fulfill requirement was 55,6 %, 3). There is no meaning ditference of PM", rate at house (p value = 0,393) with respiration problem among children under tive years old. 4). Habit of children under tive years old out of house has a meaning difference of respiration problem illness occurrence among children under tive years old by p- value = 0,007 and OR = 2,59 (95 % CI: 1,333-5,083). Children under ive years old who are out of house have risk of respiration problem illness 2,59 times compared with children under tive years old are out of house for long time. 5). Factor which is most dominance influencing respiration problem iilness occurrence among children under five years old are usage of fuel for cooking and children under tive years old who are out of house. Children under tive years old who are out of house have risk of respiration problem illness 2,59 times compared with children under five years old who are at house for long time, and also usage of fuel for cooking which became smoke has risk 2,32 times of reqriration problem illness compared with usage of Riel for cooking which did not become smoke (gas and electricity). 6). Probability of respiration problem illness occurrence among children under tive years old where they used fuel which will become smoke at their house and children under five years oId who have habit out of house 83,5 %. 7). Children under five years old who used fuel for cooking which became smoke (wood, charcoal and kerosene) and many activities of children under tive years old out of house have probabiiity of respiration problem illness occurrence 1,5 times bigger than children under five years old which used fuel for cooking which did not become smoke (gas and electrics) and many activities of children under five years old out of house.

Campak adalah penyakit virus akut(paramyxavirus) sangat mudah menular melalui udara atau kontak langsung namun tergolong penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi. Di Indonesia penyakit campak telah masuk pada tahap reduksi dengan cakupan imunisasi (>90 %) namun Case fatality rate (CFR) eukup tinggi yaitu sekitar 1,7 - 2,4 oleh karena itu penelitian kearah mencari faktor penyebab penyakit campak pads balita dalam hal ini dibatasi pada faktor kesehatan lingkungan dan karakteristik anak balita yang berkaitan dengan kejadian penyakit campak pada balita menjadi sangat beralasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi frekwensi, hubungan dan mencari model faktor kesehatan lingkungan (16 variabel) dan karakteristik anak balita (5 variabel ) dengan kejadian penyakit campak pada balita. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Garut dengan metode kasus kontrol, jumlali sampel masing masing 150 kasus dan 150 kontrol total 300 sampel (1:1), rentang waktu antara Bolan Juli 2000 aid Bulan Desember 2001. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dari 21 Variabel yang dilakukan uji hubungan bevariat ada 15 variabel yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan p 0.05 (hipotesis ditolak). Dan 5 variabel p > 0.05 (hipotesis gagal ditolak). Model akhir tanpa interaksi didapat lima variabel utama yang berhubungan dengan kejadian campak adalah Imunisasi nilai B (3.340), Jendela (1.468), Vit A ( 1.319), Kepadatan ( 0.885) dan Cahaya (0.846) dengan konstanta -5.218. Faktor paling dominan adalah imunisasi dengan OR 28.228 pada CI 95 % 11.789-67.588, sedangkan setelah melalui uji interaksi terdapat dua variabel tunggal dan 2 yang berinteraksi yaitu 1286 (Imunisasi), 1,393 (Cahaya by Jendela), 0.933 (Kepadatan), dan 0.947 (Cahaya by Vit A) dengan konstanta -3.951 faktor paling dominan yang dapat mempengaruhi kejadian campak adalah Imunisasi dengan nilai B = 3.951 dengan QR = 26.72 nilai C195 % = 11.301-63.201 Untuk aplikasi penanganan program ini tentu memerlukan strategi khusus, yang intinya perlu pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat yang komprehensif berupa pelayanan promosi dan pencegahan berupa pelayanan intensif pelaksanaan imunisasi dan pemberian vitamin A serta melaksanakan perbaikan kesehatan lingkungan fisik rumah terutama sistem pencahayaan, jendelanisasi, dan pengurangan kepadatan kamar.

Measles is an accute viruses deseases (paramyxovirus)_ It is very easy infected to other people direct contact, but can be prevented by immunization. In Indonesia measles deseases is in reduction phase with immunimtion trap >90 %, but the Case fatality rate (CFR) is high between 1.7 - 2.4. There efor the study to find the risk factor of measles on childhood in this case is limited on environtmenal health factor and the characteristic of childhood that is associated with measles incidence of childhood is very reasonable. The purpose of this study is to know the distribution anda freqkfency, the association and find the environment health factors model (16 variables) and characteristik of childhood (5 variable) with the measles incidence on Childhood at Garut District 2000-2001 year. This study was being done at Garut district using case control method_ The sample of this study is 300 ehilldhood (150 cases and 150 control) the study last from July 2000 --- Descember 2000. The result of this study showed that from 21 variable there is 16 variabels is significant because p < 0.05. The multivariate final model are : immunization B velue (3.340), Windows (1.468), Vit A ( 1.319), Crowding ( 0.885) and Lighting (0.846), constanta -5.218. The strenght of Factor is immunization with OR 28.228 at CI 95 % 11389-67.588. Interaksi test result is 3.286 (Imunisation), 1.393 (Light by windows), 0.933 (Croeding, and 0.947 (Lighting by Vit A), constanta -3.951 and strenght factor is Imunisation with B value = 3.951 , OR = 26.72 Cl 95 % = 11.301-63.201 Sugestion for program Aplication cocerning measles program in Garut District is a comprehensif action, covering Promotion, prevention, Curative dan Rehabilitation. The priority program are Immunization programe, Vitamin A, and Rehabilitation of Window, sistem of Lighting Room and reduction of Ovbercrowding.

Penyakit Tuberkulosis paru mempakan penyakit rnenular yang menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia karena Mycobacterieum Tuberculosa telah menginfeksi sepertiga penduduk dunia.Pa1da tahun 1993 WHO mencanangkan kcdaruratan Global penyakit Tuberkulosis, Balita merupakan kelompok usia yang rentan terhadap berbagai penyakit infeksi salah satu penyakit yang perlu diwaspadai adalah Tuberkulosis Paru karena angka kcsakitan penyakit tersebut pada balita di Kota Bandung cukup tinggi yaitu 205 penderita dari 2374 penderita kasus di Kota Bandung. Panelitian ini bertujun untuk mengctahui hubungan faktor lingkungan fisik rumah dan karakterislik balita dcngan kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru pada balita di Kota bandung tahun 2007. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain kasus kontrol dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 176 balita yang tcrdiri dari 88 balita Tuberkulosis Paru dengan gambaran klinis dan rdntgen (+) sebagai kasus dan 88 balita Tuberkulosis Paru dengan gambaran klinis dan rontgen Negatifsebagai kontrol. Data penelitian terdiri dari data primer yang diperoleh dengan wawancara dan pengukuran dan data sekunder dengan cara observasi dokumen. Hasil uji Chi-Square mcnunjukan bahwa teldapat beberapa variabei yang berhubungan bcrmakna secara statistik dengan kejadian Tuberkuiosis Paru pada balita yaitu status gizi, kontak penderita, pengetahuan, penghasilan, kebiasaan merokok, ventilasi, kepadatan hunian dan pencahayaan. Sedangkan berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi logisrjk diketahui bahwa variabel ventilasi merupakan variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru pada balita di Kota Bandung Tahun 2007 (95CI:26,l26 dan 0R=26,l26). Dari hasil pemodelan variabel penelitian diketahui pula bahwa balita dengan status gizi bl.l.!1.lk, adanya kontak penderita, ventilasi yang tidak mcmenuhi syarat, kepadatan hunian yang tidak memenuhi syarat, dan pencahayaan yang tidak memenuhi syarat mcmpunyai probabilitas terkena Tuberkulosis Paru sebesar 94% dibandingkan dengan balita yang tidak mempunyai faktor resiko tersebut. Saran yang diajukan berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini adalah Penyuluhan tcntang rumah sehat clan hygienisl untuk mencegah penularan Tuberkulosis Pam perlu ditingkatkan kepada masyarakat terutama anggota keluarganya yang positif menderita Taberkulosis Paru, dengan melibatkan tokoh masyamkat, serta lintas sektor lainnya.

TB lungs disease is contagious disease that becomes world health problem because Mycobacterium Tuberculosis has infected one-third world population. In 1993 WHO declared Global emergency of TBC disease. Baby is the most susceptible age group toward various infection diseases. One ofthe most suspicious diseases is TBC Lungs because of quite high disease rate on baby in Bandung City that is 205 patients from 2374 cases of patients in Bandung Regency. This research is aim to recognize relation of house physical environment factor and baby characteristic with TB lungs cases on baby in Bandung Regency year 2007. Research design is using case control design with total sample of 176 babies consist of 88 babies TB lungs with clinical description and x-ray (+) as cases and x-ray (-) as control. Research design consist of primary data that obtained by interview and assessment and secondary data by document observation. Data obtained analyzed with Chi-Square and logistic regression analysis to recognize relation between risk factor and TB lungs cases on babies. Chi-Square test result shows that there are variables significantly* related statistically with Tuberculosis lungs cases on babies that nutrition status, patient contact, knowledge, eaming, smoking habit, ventilation, residence density and lightning. While based on result of logistic regression analysis obtained that ventilation variable is the most dominant variable related with TB lungs cases on babies in Bandung Regency year 2007 (95 CI:26.l26 and 0R=26.l26). From result of research variable model recognized that babies with bad nutrition status, presented patient contact, disqualified ventilation, disqualified residence density and disqualified lightning has probability of infected TB lungs as much as 94% compared to babies with no factors mentioned above. Suggestion based on research result is Counseling toward healthy and hygiene housing to prevent TB lungs infection. It need improved to public especially family members that positively infected TB lungs, by involving public figure and other cross sector.