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New cases of HIV/AIDS infection are still increased in Indonesia nowadays. Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART) can give better quality of life for HIV/AIDS patients by improving the immune status which can be detected by the increase of CD4 count.
Percentage of caesarean section method in Indonesia of 2012 is 12%. Thispercentage has increased when compared to the year 2007. Objective of this studywas to determine the factors affecting cesarean section method. The sample size inthis study was 17.807 respondents using secondary data IDHS of 2012. Theresults show the strength of the relationship of caesarean section method inIndonesia can be seen based on the value of odds ratio (OR), the greater of thevalue of OR will affect the greater influence on cesarean section method.OR values from the largest to the smallest in a row is: higher education(OR = 2.2), health professionals are examining is an obstetrician (OR = 2.2), highwealth levels (OR = 2.1), age is 36-40 years (OR = 1.6), urban residence (OR =1.6), respondent had delivered 1 times (OR = 1.5), the medical indications (OR =1.2), a pregnancy check in a health facility (OR = 1.1), place of birth in a healthfacility (OR = 1.1), and the frequency of ANC is 0-3 times (OR = 0.5).Key words:Caesarean section; socio-demographic; history of pregnancy; history of labor;maternal medical indications
Perilaku seksual di kalangan mahasiswa sudah berada pada tingkat yang sangat mengkhawatirkan. Kondisi mahasiswa semakin hari semakin membawa perubahan cukup mencengangkan, terutama pada aktivitas seksual yang semakin hari menunjukkan jumlah dan dampak negatif yang signifikan. Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran perilaku seksual mahasiswa STIKes Jayakarta, selanjutnya mengkaji hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap dan keterpaparan informasi mengenai kesehatan reproduksi terhadap perilaku seksual mahasiswa STIKes Jayakarta Propinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2011. Penelitian dengan desain cross sectional dilakukan mulai awal bulan mei 2011 sampai dengan awal juni 2011, di STIKes Jayakarta Propinsi DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 39,7 % mahasiswa STIKes Jayakarta berperilaku seksual beresiko. Proporsi responden yang berciuman mulut 62 orang (39,7%), meraba-raba 30 orang (19,2 %) dan 6 orang responden (3,8 %) telah melakukan hubungan seksual. Hubungan antara jenis kelamin, sikap, dan media informasi mengenai kesehatan reproduksi dari media elektronik dengan perilaku seksual mahasiswa STIKes Jayakarta secara statistik signifikan (p value < 0,05), sedangkan antara pengetahuan dan informasi mengenai kesehatan reproduksi dari dosen, keluarga dan media cetak dengan perilaku seksual menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak signifikan (p value > 0,05). Hasil penelitian menyarankan Institusi STIKes Jayakarta meningkatkan kegiatan keagamaan dan penyuluhan hak-hak kesehatan reproduksi. Dinas kesehatan perlunya memaksimalkan PKPR dengan pendekatan adolescent friendly yang melibatkan mahasiswa sebagai bagian dari remaja. Lembaga Sosial Masyarakat seperti PKBI dan Pelita Ilmu untuk mengikutsertakan mahasiswa dalam berbagai kegiatan kesehatan reproduksi remaja. Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Perilaku Seksual, Remaja.
Sexual behavior among college students already at a level very affraidly. Today, the student condition brought changes frightenely, especially on sexual activity at days indicates the number of significant and negative impact. This research generally aims to know the common description of STIKes Jayakarta students sexual behavior, then to inspect relations between knowledge, attitude and exposure information about reproduction healthy towards students sexual behaviour in Stikes Jayakarta of Jakarta Province at 2011. Research by cross-sectional design has starting early in May 2011 up to early June 2011 in STIKes Jayakarta of Jakarta Province. This research shows that 39.7% of STIKes Jayakarta students behave sexually risk. The respondent proportion who are kissing of mouth of 62 respondents (39.7%), 30 respondents by fumbled (19.2%) and 6 respondents (3.8%) by sexual intercourse. The relations between gender, attitude, information equipment about reproduction healthy from electronic equipment within STIKes Jayakarta students sexual behavior statistically significant (p value < 0.05), however not significantly relations between knowledge and sexual healthy information from a lecturer, family, and print equipment with sexual behavior (p value > 0.05). Research results suggest the STIKes Jayakarta institution increase a religious activity and guidence of reproduction healthy rights. Official Health Services need to maximize PKPR with adolescent friendly approach that engages students as part of a teenager. Social Community Institutions such as PKBI and Pelita Ilmu has to make students participate in all of teenager reproduction healthy activities. Keywords : Knowledges, Sexual Behavior, Teenager.
Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi angka kematain bayi dan anak secara tidak langsung dan mengevaluasi keterbatasan-keterbatasan metodologi estimasi kematian bayi dan anak secara teoritik dan empirik dan asumsi yang mendasari metode perhitungan. Metode yang dipilih dalam penghitungan angka kematian bayi dan anak adalah metode Trussell. Angka kematian bayi dan anak secara tidak langsung adalah 43 per 1000 kelahiran hidup dan 14 per 1000 kelahiran hidup pada tahun 2003-2007. Keterbatasan metodologi secara teoritik bahwa responden adalah wanita usia subur yang masih hidup, sehingga mengecualikan mereka yang sudah meninggal pada saat survei tidak signifikan mempengaruhi angka kematian bayi dan anak . Keterbatasan metodologi secara empirik bahwa jumlah anak yang pernah dilahirkan dan anak yang meninggal sangat tergantung pada daya ingat dari si ibu yang dapat dilihat dari rasio paritas antar kelompok tidak mengidentifikasi adanya bayi yang pernah dilahirkan tidak terlaporkan. Asumsi tingkat kematian dan fertilitas konstan selama beberapa tahun sebelum survei terpenuhi. Kata kunci : kematian bayi secara tidak langsung, estimasi.
The objectivity of this thesis is to estimate the infant and child mortality indirectly and to evaluate the methodology limitations of infant and child mortality estimation, theoretically and empirically, and also the assumptions underlying the calculations as well. The chosen method in calculating infant and child mortality was the Trussell method. Infant and child mortality indirectly rates were 43 per 1000 live births and 14 per 1000 live births in 2003-2007. Theoretically, methodological limitations was that the respondents were childbearing age women who were survive, therefore excluded those who had died during the survey did not significantly affect the infant and child mortality. The empirical methodology limitation was that the number of children ever born and children who had died was very dependent on the mother's memory which could be seen from the ratio of parity between the groups were not identifying any unreported ever born baby. The assumption of constant mortality and fertility for several years before the survey was fulfilled. Key words: infant mortality indirectly, estimates
Kematian akibat kanker di dunia semakin meningkat baik di negara maju maupun berkembang. Di Indonesia, data menunjukkan hal yang serupa. Badan Litbangkes melaporkan bahwa berdasarkan hasil laporan laboratorium Patologi Anatomi tahun 1990, kanker serviks menempati urutan pertama dari 3 kanker yang tersering dijumpai. Registrasi kanker di Indonesia yang berdasarkan kependudukan belum ada Berita penelitian yang berkaitan dengan ketahanan hidup kanker serviks sangat kurang. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan stadium klinik dengan ketahanan hidup 5 tahun pada pasien kanker serviks setelah dikontrol oleh variabel konfounding. Desain penelitian ini adalah kohort retrospektif pada 451 subyek penelitian dengan mengunakan data rekam medis pada diagnosis tahun 1993-1996 yang diikuti selama 5 tahun. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa probabilitas ketahanan hidup 5 tahun pasien kanker serviks dengan stadium I sekitar 70%, stadium II sekitar 37,4%, stadium III sekitar 12,4%, dan stadium IV pada tahun kedua sudah menjadi 0%. Pada kadar Hb 10 gr/dl dan dikontrol oleh besar tumor dan jenis histologik maka peluang untuk meninggal pada stadium II sebesar 2,7 kali, Pada stadium III sebesar 19,2 kali. sedangkan stadium IV sebesar 6,6 kali dibandingkan dengan stadium I. Pada kadar Hb 10 gr/dl dan dikontrol oleh besar tumor dan jenis histologik maka peluang untuk meninggal pada stadium II sebesar 0,6 kali. pada stadium III sebesar 3.08 kali, sedangkan stadium IV sebesar 6,6 kali dibandingkan dengan stadium I, Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini kepada masyarakat, disarankan untuk melakukan pemeriksaan dini. Kepada petugas rumah sakit dan pembuat kebijakan untuk melakukan promosi yang berkelanjutan tentang pentingnya pemeriksaan dini kanker serviks. Secara umum, juga disarankan agar dimulai registrasi kanker berdasarkan kependudukan untuk mempermudah penelitian yang berkaitan kanker terutama kanker serviks.
Cancer deaths in the world are increasing in both developed and developing countries. In Indonesia, data shows something similar. The Health Research and Development Agency reported that based on the results of the 1990 Anatomical Pathology laboratory report, cervical cancer ranks first out of 3 most common cancers. Cancer registration in Indonesia based on population does not yet exist. Research news related to cervical cancer survival is very lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between clinical stage and 5-year survival in cervical cancer patients after being controlled by confounding variables. The design of this study was a retrospective cohort of 451 research subjects using medical record data at diagnosis in 1993-1996 which was followed for 5 years. The results of this study concluded that the probability of 5-year survival of cervical cancer patients with stage I is around 70%, stage II around 37.4%, stage III around 12.4%, and stage IV in the second year has become 0%. At Hb levels of 10 gr/dl and controlled by tumor size and histological type, the chance of dying in stage II is 2.7 times, in stage III it is 19.2 times. while stage IV is 6.6 times compared to stage I. At Hb levels of 10 gr/dl and controlled by tumor size and histological type, the chance of dying in stage II is 0.6 times. in stage III it is 3.08 times, while stage IV is 6.6 times compared to stage I. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to the public to conduct early examinations. To hospital staff and policy makers to carry out ongoing promotion of the importance of early cervical cancer examinations. In general, it is also recommended to start cancer registration based on population to facilitate research related to cancer, especially cervical cancer.
Contraceptive injection is the most popular contraception method in 2012. This method offers several advantages, but on the other hand, it also has many side effects for acceptors’s health. The study purpose is to analyze the relationship between individual characteristics and family planning services with the use of injectable contraceptives in family planning acceptors in Indonesia in 2012. This study uses cross sectional study design and secondary data analysis of 2012 Indonesia Demographic Health Survey.
