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Delay in diagnosis can lead to increased severity of the disease, increased the risk of death and the possibility of transmission of tuberculosis in the community. The objective of this study was to determine proportion and the length of delay in diagnosis and factors associated with the delay in diagnosis among pulmonary tuberculosis patient in Tebo Distric. This study design using cross sectional conducted in patients with tuberculosis who was treated at hospitals and health centers at Tebo District in 2018. The sample in this study amounted to 366 respondents. Multivariat analysis using a multivariate cox regression. The results showed that the proportion of diagnosis delay (> 28 days) was 63.93 %. Predisposing factors (age ≥ 45 years), enabling factors (first consulting Non- DOTS health care unit, high stigma and distance to the health care unit DOTS ≥ 30 minutes) and need factors (perception of the disease is not serious) are risk factors associated with the diagnostic delay. Necessary improving the quality of tuberculosis control programs, counseling tuberculosis so that people have the correct perception against tuberculosis and to reduce the negative stigma against tuberculosis, improving access to health care units DOTS and active case finding are vital to reduce diagnostic delay
Tuberkulosis (TBC) masih menjadi ancaman kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia
yang merupakan negara dengan kasus TBC tertinggi kedua di dunia. Tahun 2023 di DKI Jakarta terjadi peningkatan insiden TBC sebesar 31,75% dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya dan bahkan melebihi target insiden 2023 yang ditetapkan (>54.175 kasus). Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional yang memanfaatkan data Sistem Informasi Tuberkulosis Komunitas (SITK), dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian TBC paru di Provinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2022-2023. Sampel penelitian adalah seluruh kontak terduga TBC di Provinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2022-2023 yang memiliki hasil pemeriksaan TBC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lansia (PR = 1,56; 95% CI: 1,473–1,653), laki-laki (PR = 1,37; 95% CI: 1,314–1,441), perokok (PR = 1,28; 95% CI: 1,206–1,367), penderita DM (PR = 1,85; 95% CI: 1,585–2,171), dan pengobatan TBC tidak tuntas (PR = 2,24; 95% CI: 2,121–2,365) merupakan faktor risiko yang signifikan terhadap kejadian TBC paru. Sementara itu kontak serumah (PR = 0,6; 95% CI: 0,538–0,678) memiliki hubungan signifikan yang bersifat protektif terhadap kejadian TBC paru. Sosialisasi upaya berhenti/mengurangi rokok, penyuluhan pencegahan TBC kepada lansia dan penderita DM serta pendampingan pengobatan pasien TBC merupakan upaya yang dapat mencegah terjadinya insiden TBC paru di DKI Jakarta.
Tuberculosis is a major public health threat in Indonesia, which is the second-highest TB burdened country in the world. In 2023, the incidence of TB in Jakarta increased by 31.75% compared to the previous year and even exceeded the 2023 incidence target (>54,175 cases). This study is a cross-sectional study utilizing data from the Community Tuberculosis Information System (SITK), aimed at identifying risk factors associated with pulmonary TB cases in Jakarta Province from 2022 to 2023. The study sample consisted of all suspected TB contacts in Jakarta Province from 2022 to 2023 who had undergone TB testing. The study results showed that older adults (PR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.473–1.653), males (PR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.314–1.441), smokers (PR = 1,28; 95% CI: 1,206–1,367), DM patients (PR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.585–2.171), and incomplete TB treatment (PR = 2.24; 95% CI: 2.121–2.365) were significant risk factors for pulmonary TB incidence. Meanwhile, household contacts (PR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.538–0.678) have a significant protective association with the occurrence of pulmonary TB. Efforts to promote smoking cessation/reduction, TB prevention education for the elderly and DM patients, and patient accompaniment during TB treatment are measures that can prevent the occurrence of pulmonary TB in Jakarta.
Tuberkulosis merupakan masalah kesebatan masyarakat di Indonesia, karena dapat menyebabkan kematian. Untuk penanggulangan penyakit tuberculosis, pemerintah telah melaksanakan Strategi DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse). Pengobatan yang baik dan teratur dapat menyembubkan penderita TB Paru. Penderita TB Paru dapat mengalami DO (Drop Out), bila pengobatan tidak baik dan tidak teratur. Angka DO di Balai Kesehatan Paru Masyarakat Kota Bandung pada tahun 2005 adalah 11,6 %. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor faktor yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya DO pada penderita TB Paru di Balai Kesehatan Paru Masyarakat tahun 2007. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dengan desain kasus kontrol dan dilakukan pada penderita TB Paru yang berasal dari Kota Bandung dan berobat di Balai Kesehatan Pam Masyarakat dengan jumlah sampel kasus 115 responden dan kontrol sebanyak 115 responden. Kasus adalah penderita TB Paru yang Drop Oul, sedangkan kontrol adalah penderita TB Paru yang tidak Drop Out. Pada penelitian ini variabel yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya Drop Out adalah pengetahuan, biaya dan keberadaan PMO. Pengetahuan mempunyai OR =5,2 dengan 95% C T: 2,79-9,80 berarti bahwa penderita TB Paru dengan pengetahuan yang kurang barisiko 5,2 kali menjadi DO bila dibandingkan dengan pengetahuan yang baik setelah dikontrol variabel biaya dan PMO. Variabel biaya mempunyai OR= 3,4 dengan 95% CI: 1,80-6,23 berarti bahwa penderita dengan presepsi biaya mahal berisiko 3,4 kali bila dibandingkan dengan penderita dengan presepsi biaya murah, setelah dikontrol variabel pengetahuan dan PMO Variabel keberadaan PMO mempunyai OR= 2,2 dengan 95% CI: 1,16-4,05 berarti bahwa penderita yang tidak mempunyai PMO berisiko 2,2 kali bila dibandingkan dengan penderita yang mempunyai PMO setelah dikontrol variabel pengetahuan dan biaya.
Tuberculosis is a public health problem in Indonesia due to the life threatening nature of the disease, To contro) tuberculosis, the government has implemented DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Short-course) Strategy, Good and regular treatment can cure lung TB patients. Lung TB patients, will be DOs (Drop Outs) when the treatment is not performed well and regularly The DO rate at the Balal Kesehalan Paru Masyarakot (Public Lung Health Center), Bandung City in 2005 was 11,6 %, The aim of this study is to know factors related 10 Lung TB patient drop outs in Ball'; Kesehatan Par" Masyarakat in 2007. The study is conducted using primary data with case control design and was performed to Lung TB patients who came from Bandung City and who were treated at Balai Kesehatan Poru }Jasyarakaf with a sample size of 115 case respondents and 115 control respondents. The case respondents consist of Lung TB patients who drop out while the control respondents consist of Lung TB patients who do not drop out of treatment. The variables relationship with happened of Lung TB patients who drop OUT in this research arc knowledge, cost, and the presence of drug observer. Knowledge has an OR of 5.2 with 95% Cl: 2.80-9,80 meaning that a Lung TB patient whose knowledge is poor has 5.2 times more risk to DO compared to those with good knowledge after the cost and drug observer variab1es are controlled, The cost variable has an OR of 3.4 with 95% Cl: 1.80 -6.23 meaning that patients with a perception of high cost have 3.4 more risk compared to patients with a perception of low cost after the knowledge and drug observer variables are controlled. The presence of drug observer variable has an OR of 2.2 with 95% CI: L160-4.049 meaning that patients who do not have drug observer has 2.2 times more risk compared to patients with drug observer after the knowledge and cost variables are controlled.