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Kata Kunci:Waria, determinan, HIV
HIV and AIDS is a public health problem that requires serious attention. Waria askey populations, the prevalence needs to be controlled to not spread to the generalpopulation. Based on the Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance(IBBS) 2007 and 2011, the prevalence of HIV on the transgender has notdemonstrated a significant reduction (24% in 2007 and 22% in 2011). The aim ofthis study is to discuss the determinants of HIV on transgenders in 5 cities inIndonesia using data Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) in2011. This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study designfollowed the design of the study on IBBS 2011. The results showed that thedeterminant of HIV status on transgender in 5 cities in Indonesia, are age, durationinvolved sex work, education, history of STIs, job as a sex worker, number of analsex clients, consistency use of condoms and lubricants, HIV testing, and STIclinic visits. Results of this study indicate transgender job is the greatest riskfactor of HIV status on transgender in 5 cities in Indonesia (OR = 2.36).
Key words:Transgender, determinants, HIV
ABSTRAK Tingkat penggunaan kondom pada kelompok Waria sebesar 39% pada tahun 2007 terjadi sedikit peningkatan sebesar 36% tahun 2011 (Kemenkes 2011), tetapi masih dibawah target (60%) (KPAN, 2010). Penggunaan kondom pada seks komersial dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan penjaja seks untuk menawarkan pemakaian kondom ketika berhubungan seks kepada pelanggannya. Dari penjaja seks yang tidak pernah menawarkan penggunaan kondom kepada pelanggannya ternyata pemakaian kondom pada seks komersial terakhir cukup rendah, hanya sekitar 10–20%. Determinan yang diduga berhubungan dengan perilaku Waria dalam menawarkan penggunaan kondom kepada pasangan seks antara lain : umur, tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan pencegahan HIV/AIDS, riwayat IMS, kemudahan memperoleh kondom, lama melakukan seks komersil, kontak dengan petugas, konsumsi alkohol/napza sebelum berhubungan seks. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui determinan perilaku Waria dalam menawarkan penggunaan kondom kepada pasangan seks. Penelitian ini menggunakan data STBP tahun 2011 yang dilakukan di 5 kota besar di Indonesia, dengan desain studi Cross Sectional. Jumlah data yang dapat dianalisis sebanyak 684. Hasil menunjukan bahwa proporsi Waria yang menawarkan penggunaan kondom kepada pasangan seks sebesar 81,3%. Determinan yang berhubungan signifikan adalah kontak dengan petugas (p=0,000), OR = 3,847 (95% CI= 2,507– 5,902) dan kemudahan memperoleh kondom (p=0,000), OR = 3,010 (95% CI= 1,934–4,685). Umur, tingkat pendidikan, pengetahuan pencegahan HIV/AIDS, riwayat IMS, lama melakukan seks komersil dan konsumsi alkohol/Napza sebelum melakukan hubungan seks tidak berhubungan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, maka saran yang dapat diberikan adalah peningkatan frekuensi kontak petugas dengan Waria baik petugas dari pemerintah maupun dari LSM yang peduli terhadap masalah HIV/AIDS dengan Waria untuk membahas risiko tertular HIV dan cara pencegahannya terutama tentang pentingnya menggunakan kondom dalam hubungan seks berisiko dan menjamin agar kondom selalu tersedia dan terjangkau dalam jumlah cukup terutama di dalam tempat kerja Waria.
ABSTRACT Levels of condom usage on MTF transgender group was found 39% at 2007, there was a increase of 36% in 2011 (Ministry of Health, 2011), still below the target (60%) (KPA, 2010). Condom usage in commercial sex is influenced by the ability to negotiation sex workers condom usage to sex patner. At sex workers who do not ever negotiation to sex patner of condom usage turns was found condom usage at last sex is quite low, only about 10-20%. Determinants related to MTF transgender behavior in condom usage negotiation to sex partner among others: age, level of education, knowledge of HIV/AIDS, STI history, ease of obtaining condoms, old of commercial sex, contact with the officer, the consumption of alcohol/drugs before sex. The purpose of this study to knowing determinants of MTF transgender behavior in condom usage negotiation to sex partner. This study uses producted IBBS conducted in 2011 in 5 major cities in Indonesia, with a cross-sectional study design. The amount of data that can be analyzed as many as 684. Results showed that the proportion of MTF transgender behavior in condom usage negotiation to sex partner was 81.3%. Determinants significantly related are contact with the officer (p = 0.000), OR = 3.847 (95% CI = 2.507 to 5.902) and the ease of obtaining condoms (p = 0.000), OR = 3.010 (95% CI = 1.934 to 4.685). Age, level of education, knowledge of HIV / AIDS, STI history, the old of commercial sex and alcohol / drugs before sex are not related. Based on these results, the suggestions can be given are to increase the frequency of contact of the officers with MTF transgender both officers of the government and NGOs concerned with the problem of HIV/AIDS with MTF transgender to discuss the risk constracting HIV and how to prevent it, especially about the importance of condom usage in unsafe sexual behavior; and affordable in sufficient quantities, especially in the workplace MTF transgender.
Kata kunci:Waria, faktor, HIV, IMS
HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) are public health problem that veryimportant to be considered. As key population of HIV transmissions, Transgender needto be given special intention so its transmission to the general population can beprevented. Based on the Integrated Biological and Behaviour Survey (IBSS) 2011 and2015, the prevalence of STI such as syphilis, clamidia, and gonorrhea on Transgender hasdecreased, while HIV prevalence has increased from 22% to 25%. This study discussesthe factors related to the incidence of HIV and STI among Transgender in 5 cities inIndonesia using data Integrated Biological Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) in 2015. Thisstudy is a quantitative study with a cross sectional study design followed the design ofthe study on IBBS 2015. The result showed that factors related to HIV dan STI onTransgender in 5 cities are age, education, employment, comprehensive knowledge,consistency of use of condoms, consistency of the use of lubricant, number of anal sexpartners, use of injectable drugs, use of silicone injections, alcohol consumption beforesex, HIV tests, and visits to STI services. The results of the this study showed that the useof silicone injections was the most influential factor on the status of HIV on Transgenderin 5 cities in Indonesia (OR = 1.68).
Key words:Transgender, factors, HIV, STI.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi penggunaan kondom pada saatberhubungan seks sebesar 18% pada pasangan tetap, 17% pada pasangan tidaktetap, 17% membeli seks dan 5% menjual seks. Determinan penggunaan kondompada 4 pasangan berbeda, namun tidak memiliki kondom selalu ada pada semuajenis pasangan. Determinan penggunaan kondom pada pasangan tetap adalahtidak memiliki kondom, tidak merasa berisiko, pengetahuan rendah, tidakmengakses LASS, tidak menikah dan merasa kondom tidak bermanfaat dalammencegah HIV merupakan determinan dari perilaku penggunaan kondom Penasunpada pasangan tetap. Determinan penggunaan kondom pada pasangan tidak tetapadalah tidak memiliki kondom dan tidak menikah merupakan determinanpenggunaan kondom Penasun pada pasangan tidak tetap. Determinan penggunaankondom pada Penasun yang membeli seks adalah tidak memiliki kondommerupakan determinan penggunaan kondom Penasun saat membeli seks.
Kata Kunci : Penasun, Penggunaan Kondom
Consistent condom use in IDUs remains low. According to the report IBBS2013, the consistent use of condoms in 17% IDU steady partner, 17% of couplesare not fixed and 16% commercial partner. This study aims to look at thedeterminants of condom use among IDU in four cities in Indonesia. This studyuses IBBS IDU 2013. How sampling IBBS IDU is Respondent Driven Sampling(RDS). Analysis of univariate, bivariate and multivariable.
The results showed the proportion of condom use during sex by 18% on aregular partner, 17% on casual partners, 17% and 5% purchase sex sell sex.Determinants of condom use on four different couples, but does not have acondom always exist in all types of couples. Determinants of condom use on aregular partner is not having a condom, do not feel at risk, low knowledge, noaccess LASS, not married and feel condoms are not useful in preventing HIV is adeterminant of condom use behaviors of IDUs in couples staying. Determinants ofcondom use in casual partners is not to have condoms and abstaining frommarriage is the determinant of condom use in casual partners of IDUs. The Determinants of condom use among IDU who buy sex is not having a condom is a determinant of the use of condoms when buying sex IDU.
Keywords: IDU, Condom Use
Kata kunci : Konsistensi, kondom, WPSL, WPSTL.
Kata kunci:Determinan; Ibu Hamil; Indonesia; Kunjungan ANC
The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia is currently quite high. In 2015, theMMR in Indonesia reached 305 per 100,000 live births. One of the efforts to reduce theMMR is to encourage pregnant women to make a complete ANC (Antenatal Care) visit.This study was conducted to diagnose the determinants of the completeness of ANCvisits to pregnant women in Indonesia. This study is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional design and the data used in this study is the 2017 Indonesian Demographic andHealth Survey (IDHS) data. This study shows that the proportion of pregnant women inIndonesia who visited the complete ANC in 2017 was 78.2%. Based on the results ofmultiple logistic regression tests, it is known that age, mother's education, parity,desired pregnancy, wealth quintile, exposure to information media, health insuranceownership, and husband's support as determinants of completeness of ANC visits.Mother's education and wealth quintile are the most dominant factors related to thecompleteness of ANC visits.
Key words:ANC Visit; Determinants; Indonesia; Pregnant Women.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tujuh variabel yang secara bersama-sama signfikan memengaruhi underweight, stunting, wasting dan gangguan gizi. Berat badan lahir rendah merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian underweight (OR:2.08, 95%CI:1.75-2.47). Status ekonomi merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian stunting (OR:1.55, 95%CI:1.41-1.71) dan gangguan gizi (OR:1.59, 95%CI:1.45-1.75). Status gizi ibu merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian wasting (OR:1.73, 95%CI:1.52-1.96). Untuk menanggulangi masalah gizi perlu melibatkan banyak sektor untuk dapat berintegrasi menyusun kebijakan yang dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat melalui perbaikan gizi.
Kata kunci: Underweight. Stunting. Wasting. Gangguan gizi
