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As one of the efforts in working mothers exclusively breastfed their babies, mothers work using a courier service facilities to support breastfeeding exclusively. This study aims to analyze behavior of courier breastfeeding user in effort breastfeed exclusively in Jakarta. Qualitative research conducted in April through July 2014 through in-depth interviews to working mothers, and one of the family members who actively help the mother care for the child. The results indicate that there are significant predisposing factors are age and maternal education level, knowledge, attitudes and information exposure effect in the use of breast milk couriers. The enabling factors that influence the availability of equipment reddening effect on the provision of ASIP by the mother so that the mother use a courier to send ASIP breast milk to the baby. Besides reinforcing factors that influence the support of friends and family resulting from maternal smoking in using the facilities of exclusive breastfeeding. It is recommended that breast milk courier company working with the AIMI to hold educational classes, thus spurring the mother to breast feed the baby when returning to work.
ABSTRAK
Pemberian ASI eksklusif merupakan salah satu bentuk perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS). ASI eksklusif adalah pemberian ASI saja pada bayi usia 0-6 bulan, tidak diberi makanan atau minuman tambahan apapun sejak lahir sampai usia 6 bulan. Capaian ASI eksklusif di Propinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2009 mencapai 58,7%. Sedangkan capaian cakupan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif pada bayi di Kepulauan Seribu pada tahun 2009 sebesar 46%.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif di Kelurahan Pulau Untung Jawa tahun 2011. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan respondennya seluruh populasi ibu-ibu yang memiliki bayi umur 6-18 bulan sebanyak 35 responden.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, kemudian dianalisa menggunakan chi-square dan multivariat (regresi logistik ganda). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada variabel yang dominan dan berhubungan dengan perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif 0-6 bulan. Adanya faktor lain yang mempengaruhi ibu khususnya peran aktif dari kader-kader PKK dan seluruh jajaran Pemerintahan di Kabupaten Kepulauan Seribu serta tingginya kepedulian masyarakatnya. Dengan penelitian ini maka disarankan bagi Kementerian Kesehatan untuk membuat kebijakan serta pelatihan pemberdayaan masyarakat terus menerus khususnya bagi kader-kader kesehatan dan petugas kesehatan agar perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif 0-6 bulan semakin meningkat.
Abstract
The exclusive breastfeeding is the one of the clean living and healthy behaviors (PHBS). It is defined as to give breastfeeding only to the babies, without giving any additional foods or beverages from birth until age 6 months. The achievement of the exclusive breastfeeding in the DKI Jakarta and Kepulauan Seribu had reached 58.7% and 46% in 2009. The objective of this study is to determine the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding behavior in the Kepulauan Untung Jawa Village in 2011. The methods of this study is used a quantitative data research by using questionnaires. It collects 35 respondents which are the entire population of mothers who had babies aged 6-18 months. Then the data will be analysed by chi-square and multivariate analysis (multiple logistic regression). The findings showed that there is no significant variable related with exclusive breastfeeding behaviors of 0-6 month?s babies. But there are other factors that related to breastfeeding in particular such as the active role of PKK cadres, the community, and all levels of government in The Kepulauan Seribu Districts. The suggestion from this study is that the Ministry of Health should develop policies and training for community empowerment, especially to strengthen the health cadres and health workers to improve the number of exclusive breastfeeding.
Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. To reach a health improvement, an individual or group must be able to change or cope with the environment and start this improvement from early, like giving baby an exclusive breastfeeding. This study aims to describe the implementation of health promotion efforts to increase coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Cisalak Pasar Public Health Center in 2022 based on Ottawa Charter 5 health promotion strategies which are public health policy, supportive environment, community action, personal skill, and reorient health service. This study is a qualitative analytical research. Data collection was done by using document review, observation, and in-depth interview with 1 leader of Public Health Center, 3 health workers, 1 cadre, and 5 mothers of baby aged 0-6 months. This study found that there is no written regulation about exclusive breastfeeding, lactation room has not been functioning, several medias are used to promote exclusive breastfeeding but have not been seen by many patients/visitor. Also there are efforts to make community development as well as developing individual skills through workshop KP ASI, promotion through cadre, and counselling. Suggestion for Cisalak Pasar Public Health Center based on the results of this study is to make an internal regulation based on Government Regulation Number 33 of 2012, to improve lactation room based on standard on Republic of Indonesia Minister of Health Regulation Number 15 of 2013 and utilize media as a way to promote exclusive breastfeeding.
This thesis aims to investigate the effect of lactation education at workplace on breastfeeding self efficacy among working women (15-49 years old). Research design is quasi-experiment. Primary data were collected prior, one week, and three months after intervention using questionnaires. Variables investigated included lactation education, breastfeeding self efficacy, experience, perception, exposure to information, knowledge and age. Self efficacy score before intervention increased one week after lactation education (Mean=89.3277; p value=0.02l) in the intervention group. It is suggested that continous lactation program at workplace be developed by the company to increase breastfeeding self efficacy among working women.
COMBI merupakan singkatan dari Communication for Behavioural Impact yang diterjemahkan menjadi Komunikasi untuk Perubahan Perilaku. COMBI mewakili penggabungan dari berbagai pendekatan dan didalamnya terdapat lima aksi komunikasi terpadu, yaitu (1) Mobilisasi administrasi/kehumasan/advokasi, (2) Mobilisasi masyarakat, (3) Advertensi/periklanan, (4) Penjualan pribadi /komunikasi interpersonal, (5) Titik pelayanan promosi. Penerapan pendekatan COMBI dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret (minggu ke 11) tahun 2006 di 10 kecamatan wilayah Kota Jakarta Timur yang luas wilayah dan jumlah penduduknya terbesar dibandingkan 5 wilayah lainnya di DKI Jakarta dan jumlah kasus DBDnya juga terbesar yaitu 8.107 kasus. Hasil sementara dari pelaksanaan pendekatan COMBI menunjukkan adanya penurunan angka kasus DBD yang cukup bermakna pada minggu ke 31 tahun 2006 walaupun masih berfluktuatif dibandingkan dengan angka kasus yang terjadi pada tahun 2005, sebelum adanya pelaksanaan COMBI di Kotamadya Jakarta Timur. Hingga awal tahun 2007 pada bulan Februari, angka kasus DBD di DKI Jakarta masih terus menunjukkan kecenderungan naik dengan angka 2.263 kasus dan 8 kematian. Jika tidak segera ditanggulangi bersama oleh semua wilayah yang berada di DKI Jakarta maka DKI dapat kembali menjadi penyumbang terbesar angka kasus DBD dan yang lebih parah dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya KLB. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran pelaksanaan pendekatan COMBI dalam upaya menurunkan angka kasus DBD di wilayah Kotamadya Jakarta Timur. Jenis penelitian adalah kualitatif, sedangkan metode yang digunakan adalah wawancara mendalam, observasi tidak terstruktur dan telaah data sekunder terhadap hasil laporan pelaksanaan kegiatan COMBI. Informan yang diteliti dibagi dalam kelompok penentu kebijakan, pejabat lintas sektor yang aktif terlibat, petugas kesehatan, tokoh masyarakat dan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa potensi SDM pengelola COMBI yang cukup baik akan mempengaruhi proses pelaksanaan kegiatan COMBI secara baik dan berhasil guna. Kegiatan-kegiatan yang dijabarkan dalam hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ke lima aksi komunikasi terpadu dalam COMBI telah dilaksanakan oleh pengelola COMBI. Hanya saja ditemukan beragam pesan yang kurang fokus namun tidak menjadi masalah terhadap perubahan perilaku yang terjadi di masyarakat. Informan dapat menyampaikan pesan yang beragam tersebut dengan cara membacanya langsung dari media. Pesan COMBI yang selalu diingat dan diucapkan oleh informan adalah PSN 30 menit setiap hari Jumat dari jam 09.00-09.30. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh gambaran perubahan perilaku yang dirasakan sebagian besar individu/masyarakat yaitu semakin sering dan rutin melakukan PSN dan menimbulkan manfaat langsung bagi individu/masyarakat dengan terjadinya penurunan angka kasus DBD di wilayah Jakarta Timur. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan COMBI di Jakarta Timur menunjukkan hasil yang sesuai dengan tujuan COMBI yaitu terjadinya perubahan perilaku di masyarakat dan berdampak pada penurunan angka kasus DBD, walaupun mengalami beberapa hambatan dana, sarana-prasarana dan masih adanya masyarakat yang kurang kesadarannya melakukan PSN secara rutin. Sehubungan dengan itu, maka ada beberapa saran yang penulis sampaikan yaitu memperbaiki perencanaan anggaran sesuai kebutuhan, uji kelayakan untuk diimplementasikan di wilayah DKI Jakarta lainnya, pelatihan bagi petugas Puskesmas dan kader untuk memahami perubahan perilaku di masyarakat, pesan diuji kembali berdasarkan tanggapan masyarakat untuk mengubah dan menyelaraskan strategi komunikasi. COMBI stands for Communication for Behavioural Impact if translated to Indonesian language COMBI will become Komunikasi untuk Perubahan Perilaku.
COMBI represents approaches associated with promoting healthy behaviour and there are five communication action integrated in COMBI are (1) Public relations /advocacy / administrative mobilization, (2) Community mobilization, (3) Sustained appropriate advertising, (4) Personal selling/ interpersonal communication/counseling, (5) Point of Service promotion. COMBI approaches implementation was conducted on March (week 11th ) 2006 in 10 district of East Jakarta which the biggest district and population compared to the other five district in DKI Jakarta. It was also notice that 8.107 cases occurred in this district and this number is superior among the other districts. Provisional result from COMBI approaches act shows that the Dengue fever case number have been intensively declining on week 31st 2006 even tough the result still fluctuated compared to the number happened in 2005, before COMBI conducted in East Jakarta. Until early 2007 on February, number of dengue fever in DKI Jakarta DBD increasing with 2.263 cases and 8 death. This matter should be taken care immediately by all district in DKI, otherwise DKI could be the biggest contributor for dengue fever number and even get worst when becoming outbreak. Research was made to find idea for COMBI approaches act regarding to decline dengue fever number in East Jakarta. This research type is qualitative, In depth interview and secondary data discover through report of COMBI result method was utilized to collect the data. The informant who will examined will be divide in policy maker group, active involved sector official, provider, public figure and community. The research result shows that COMBI approaches act will be affected from the human resource of COMBI officers. These activities explained that research outcome shows the fifth communication actions which integrated in COMBI have been carry out by COMBI officer COMBI. Nevertheless several of unfocused message are found, but its doesn't matter to behaviour change. Informan mentions that message from reading directly from media which remembered by all the COMBI message informant is Mosquito Nest Termination (MNT) 30 minutes every Friday from 09.00-09.30 am. The idea of changing behavior individual/public which initiate from research result is confirmed from behavior alteration almost of individual/public who regularly performing PSN and the advantage of behavior alteration to the individual/public is declining the dengue fever number in East Jakarta. It was concluding that COMBI activity in East Jakarta come out with matching COMBI intend which is behavior alteration to the individual/public is declining the dengue fever number in East Jakarta. Although having several fund difficulty and the indolent community to perform MNT. In regard to the mentioned above writer had a few suggestions to make which is amend the budget planning with equivalent amount, proper testing for implemented in the other DKI Jakarta district, training for Center of Public Healthy officer and kader who understand the behavior alteration in community, retest message based on public opinion to vary and harmonize the communication strategy.
