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Unwanted pregnancy is a major cause of unsafe abortion and adverse impacton women who experience it as well as the fetus. The risk of unwanted pregnancyincreased in women aged less than 20 years and more than 35 years old. Thisstudy used a cross-sectional study design to analyze further the IDHS 2012 data.Results showed 18% of pregnant women at risk of age had unwanted pregnancies,and women who experience contraceptive failure 8.5 times tended to have anunwanted pregnancies after controlled by age, number of children, economicstatus, knowledge of family planning, and access to health care variables.Keywords : unwanted pregnancy, contraceptive failure
Kehamilan tidak diinginkan di Indonesia belum menunjukkan perubahan yang konsisten dari 2002 hingga 2019 (BKKBN, 2019). Dominasi kehamilan tidak diinginkan terjadi pada kelompok usia berisiko tinggi (56% kasus) (BKKBN, 2012, 2017) dan cenderung lebih banyak ditemukan di perkotaan Indonesia. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya kehamilan tidak diinginkan yaitu penggunaan kontrasepsi modern. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat besar hubungan yang terjadi antara penggunaan kontrasepsi modern dengan kejadian kehamilan tidak diinginkan pada wanita kelompok usia berisiko tinggi di wilayah perkotaan dan pedesaan Indonesia. Desain studi pada penelitian ini merupakan cross sectional dengan analisis menggunakan chi square dan regresi logistik. Data yang digunakan merupakan data SDKI 2017. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa wanita usia risiko tinggi di wilayah perkotaan Indonesia yang tidak menggunakan kontrasepsi memiliki risiko yang lebih rendah untuk mengalami kehamilan tidak diinginkan (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.588-0.977). Sedangkan wanita usia risiko tinggi di wilayah pedesaan Indonesia yang tidak menggunakan kontrasepsi memiliki risiko yang lebih tinggi untuk mengalami kehamilan tidak diinginkan (OR: 1.66 95% CI: 1.035-2.648).
Unintended pregnancies in Indonesia have not shown consistent changes from 2002 to 2019 (BKKBN, 2019). In addition, unintended pregnancies mostly occur in the high-risk age group (56% of cases) (BKKBN, 2012, 2017). One of the factor that can influence incident of unintended pregnancy is the use of modern contraception. In Indonesia unintended pregnancies tend to be more common in urban areas. This research was conducted to see the relationship between modern contraception use and the incidence of unintended pregnancies in women in high-risk age groups in urban and rural areas of Indonesia. The study design in this research is cross sectional and data will be conducted with chi square and logistic regression. The data used in this research is the 2017 IDHS. The results show that women of high risk age in urban areas of Indonesia who do not use contraception have a lower risk of experiencing unwanted pregnancy (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.588-0.977). Meanwhile, women of high risk age in rural areas of Indonesia who do not use contraception have a higher risk of experiencing unwanted pregnancy (OR: 1.66 95% CI: 1.035-2.648).
Kata kunci: kehamilan tidak diinginkan, kematian neonatal, faktor risiko, perdesaan, perkotaan
This study discusses the effect of unwanted pregnancies towards neonatal mortality. The purpose of this study is to determine how unwanted pregnancy affecting the risk of neonatal mortality and the dominant risk factors for neonatal death among women at risk of childbirth considering their residence, rural and urban areas. The study design of this research is a cross sectional with multivariable logistic regression analysis using IDHS 2017. The number of research subject used in this study were 1618 live births in urban areas and 1645 live births in rural areas among women at risk of childbirth population. The results showed that unwanted pregnancy was not statistically associated to neonatal mortality both in urban and rural area. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that the variable which statistically associated to neonatal mortality both in urban and rural area is low birth weight (lbw) (purban=0,001; prural=0,002). Even After the unwanted pregnancy variables were being controlled by other variables using regression logistic analysis, it remains unrelated and does not increase the risk of neonatal mortality both in urban and rural areas. In urban area, multivariable analysis results show risk factors for neonatal mortality are lbw (OR = 10.14), low education (OR = 2.67), parity 2-3 (OR = 8.4), and parity> 3 (OR = 32). In rural area, the risk factors for neonatal death are lbw (OR = 11), antenatal care 3 births for urban area and lbw for rural area. It can be concluded that unwanted pregnancy is not directly associated to neonatal mortality. However, previous studies have explained there are changes in maternal behavior towards inappropriate pregnancy care. Risk factors for neonatal death vary according to types of residence, urban and rural area.
Keywords: unwanted pregnancy, neonatal mortality, risk factors, rural, urban
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pemeriksaan kehamilan dengan kejadian komplikasi persalinan.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan menganalisis data Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2017. Sampel pada penelitian ini ialah 18.765 wanita usia 15-49 tahun yang melahirkan anak terakhir baik lahir hidup maupun lahir mati selama 5 tahun terakhir. Analisis multivariat menggunakan uji regresi cox untuk mengetahui besaran risiko pemeriksaan kehamilan dengan kejadian komplikasi persalinan.
Hasil: Dari hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa terdapat 21,1% wanita mengalami 3 dari 6 gejala komplikasi persalinan dan kejadian komplikasi persalinan yang paling banyak terjadi pada ibu yang tidak melakukan kunjungan pemeriksaan antenatal (ANC) secara lengkap dan tidak mendapatkan layanan 7T sebesar, yakni 28,9%. Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) yang melakukan kunjungan ANC secara lengkap dan tidak mendapatkan layanan 7T berisiko 1,19 kali untuk mengalami kejadian komplikasi persalinan, WUS yang tidak melakukan kunjungan ANC secara lengkap dan mendapatkan layanan 7T memiliki besaran risiko yang sama untuk mengalami kejadian komplikasi persalinan dan WUS yang tidak melakukan kunjungan ANC secara lengkap berisiko 1,43 kali untuk mengalami kejadian komplikasi persalinan setelah melakukan kontrol terhadap variabel penolong persalinan, riwayat ibu bersalin dan variabel interaksi.
Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini mengimplikasikan ibu yang tidak melakukan kunjungan ANC secara lengkap dan tidak mendapatkan layanan 7T dapat meningkatkan risiko mengalami kejadian komplikasi persalinan.
Kata Kunci: Komplikasi persalinan, pemeriksaan kehamilan, kunjungan ANC dan layanan 7T
Introduction: Indonesia is the country with the second highest maternal mortality rate in Southeast Asia which is directly related to the incidence of labor complications. Pregnancy is marked as the most vulnerable period which can increase the risk of labor complications.
Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between antenatal care with the incidence of labor complications.
Method: This study used a cross-sectional design by analyzing data from Indonesian Health Demographic Survey 2017. The sample in this study was 18,765 women aged 15- 49 who gave birth to the last child, both live and stillbirth during the last 5 years. Multivariate analysis using cox regression test to determine the magnitude of the risk of antenatal care with the incidence of childbirth complications.
Results: From the analysis, there were 21.1% of women experiencing 3 of the 6 symptoms of childbirth complications and the most frequent occurrence of labor complications in mothers who did not have complete antenatal care (ANC) visit and did not get 7T services of 28 9%. Fertile Age Women who make a complete ANC visit and do not get 7T services have a risk of 1.19 times to experience the incidence of labor complications, WUS who do not complete the ANC visit and get 7T services have the same magnitude of risk for experiencing the incidence of labor complications and WUS who did not make a complete ANC visit had a risk of 1.43 times to experience the incidence of labor complications after controlling for the birth attendants, maternal history and interaction variable.
Conclusion: This study implies that mothers who did not complete ANC visits and did not receive 7T services could increase the risk of experiencing labor complications.
Key words: Labor complications, antenatal care, ANC visits and 7T services
Hasil analisis menemukan bahwa sebagian besar ibu di wilayah perkotaan tidak memberikan ASI eksklusif kepada bayinya dan ibu yang mengalami kehamilan tidak diinginkan cukup tinggi. Setelah dikontrol oleh variabel umur ibu, statuspekerjaan ibu, jumlah anak, pelayanan antenatal dan pemberian ASI segera, ibuyang mengalami kehamilan tidak diinginkan cenderung tidak memberikan ASIeksklusif pada kelompok umur 20-35 tahun, tidak bekerja, dan pelayanan antenatal sesuai K4, sedangkan cenderung memberikan ASI eksklusif pada kelompok umur kurang dari 20 dan lebih dari 35 tahun, bekerja, dan pelayanan antenatal tidak sesuai K4.
Kata kunci : Kehamilan tidak di inginkan, ASI eksklusif, perkotaan
Exclusively breastfeeding have an important role to maintain health and thesurvival of the infant. However, the prevalence of exclusively breastfeeding inIndonesia particularly in the urban areas is quite low. Meanwhile, the incidence ofunintended pregnancy in Indonesia is quite high. This research aims to know thedescription of unintended pregnancy and its association to exclusively breastfeeding. Research is using cross sectional design study which use thesecondary data analysis of National Basic Health Research 2010.
Results of theanalysis found that most of the mothers in urban areas were not exclusively breastfeed their baby and the incidence of unintended pregnancy is quite high.After controlled by maternal age, maternal employment status, parity, antenatalcare, and immediate breastfeeding, mothers with unintended pregnancy were lesslikely to breastfeed their baby if their age were under 20 and above 35 years old,unemployed, and did not access adequate antenatal care, whereas mothers weremore likely to breastfeed if their age were 20-35 years old, employed, and did notaccess antenatal care.
Keywords : Unintended pregnancy, exclusively breastfeeding, urban areas
