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ABSTRAK Salah satu pemanfaatan sumber radiasi pengion bidang Industri di Indonesia adalah untuk pengujian suatu materi / obyek dengan cara uji tak rusak (Non Destructive Test / NDT). Pengujian tersebut dengan cara radiografi, hasil bayangan tergambar dalam sebuah film radiografi yang dapat dianalisis untuk mengetahui mutu/kualitas dari obyek. Pada umumnya sumber radiasi pengion yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk radiografi adalah sinar-X dan gamma yang dipancarkan dari isotop Selenium 75 (Se75), Iridium 192 (Ir-192), dan Cobalt 60 (Co-60) tergantung dari tebal dan obyek yang akan diuji. Dari data perizinan Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir (Bapeten) yang paling banyak dimanfaatkan untuk keperluan radiografi adalah sumber radiasi Ir-192 yang tersebar di wilayah Indonesia. Pemanfaatan sumber radiasi pengion tidak terlepas dari risiko bahaya radiasi baik secara eksterna ataupun interna bagi pekerja radiasi, masyarakat dan lingkungan hidup apabila terjadi keadaan darurat atau kecelakaan radiasi. Besar kecilnya dampak yang ditimbulkan dari kondisi keadaan darurat radiasi tergantung pada persiapan dan perencanaan perusahaan yang memanfaatkan sumber radiasi untuk menghadapi keadaan darurat tersebut. Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir sebagai instansi yang berwenang dalam hal pengawasan pemanfaatan sumber radiasi di Indonesia melaksanakan pengawasan melalui peraturan, perizinan dan inspeksi telah menerbitkan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 33 tahun 2007 tentang Keselamatan Radiasi Pengion Dan Keamanan Sumber Radioaktif. Tujuan dari PP ini adalah untuk menjamin keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, anggota masyarakat serta perlindungan terhadap lingkungan hidup. Perusahaan / instansi dalam hal ini perusahaan radiografi yang telah lama memanfaatkan sumber radiasi nuklir untuk kegiatan pekerjaannya jika tidak mengikuti prosedur, baik pemeliharaan maupun pelaksanaan kerja berpotensi menimbulkan paparan potensial yang mengarah pada paparan darurat. Untuk itu perlu adanya prosedur Perencanaan Penanggulangan Keadaan Darurat Radiasi untuk menanggulangi keadaan tersebut agar paparan radiasi yang diterima pekerja, masyakarat dan lingkungan tidak melebihi Nilai Batas Dosis yang diizinkan dan mengurangi efek bahaya radiasi bagi kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan prosedur penanggulangan keadaan darurat radiografi yang sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku dalam penanggulangan keadaan darurat bahaya radiasi. Penelitian dilakukan secara analisis kualititatif terhadap data yang dikumpulkan melalui observasi dokumen pada lembaga pengawas (Bapeten) dan perusahaan radiografi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh perlunya dibuat Perencanaan Penanggulangan Keadaan Darurat Radiasi pada perusahaan radiografi dengan mengacu pada pedoman yang dikeluarkan oleh Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir dan disesuaikan dengan sumber radiasi yang dimanfaatkan. Bapeten sebagai lembaga pengawas perlu meningkatkan sistem pelayanan perizinan dan inspeksi yang secara tidak langsung dapat mengurangi potensi bahaya radiasi jika terjadi keadaan darurat radiasi. Daftar bacaan : 21 ( 1990 – 2008)
ABSTRACT One of ionizing radiation source usage at industrial filed in Indonesia is to testing of a material or object with Non Destructive Test (NDT). The testing is by radiography, the material image result is printed in a radiography film which analyzable to known the quality of the object. Generally ionizing radiation source which able to used for radiography are X-ray and gamma which come from Selenium isotope (Se-75), Iridium 192 (Ir-192), and Cobalt 60 (Co-60) depend on the thickness and object that tested. Based on data from Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN) which mostly used for radiography needs is Ir-192 radiation source that spread at Indonesian territory. The usage of ionizing radiation source unavoidable from risk of radiation hazards either external or internal to the radiation worker, society and living environment when emergency or radiation accident happen. The magnitude of effect that emerge from the radiation emergency condition are depend on the company planning and preparedness which using radiation source to meet the emergency condition. The Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency as party which have authority in supervision and utilizing of radiation source in Indonesia, conduct the supervision through regulation, licensing and inspection by publish Government Regulatory No.33 year 2007 about Ionizing Safety Radiation and Radioactive Source Security. Objective of the regulation is to guarantee the occupational health and safety, member of society and protection towards living environment. The radiography company which has been used nuclear radiation resource for its activity, if they do not comply with the procedure either the maintenance or work implementation, it has potential to appear some potential exposure which directed to emergency exposure. Therefore, the planning of radiation emergency response procedure is needed to cope with the condition, in order that radiation exposure which accepted by the worker, society and living environment are not exceeded the permissible threshold limit and decreasing radiation hazard effect on health. This research objective is to develop radiography emergency response procedure that appropriate with the regulation in emergency response hazards radiation handling. In this research qualitative analysis is conduct towards collected data. The data collected trough document observation at supervision institution (BAPETEN) and radiography companies. The research result concludes that Radiation Emergency Response Preparedness Planning at radiography company, needs to create refer to the guidelines that published by Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency and to be appropriate with used radiation source. Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency as supervisory institution needs to increase the inspection and licensing services system which indirectly decrease the radiation hazards potential if any radiation emergency happen. Reference : 21 ( 1990 – 2008)
Laboratory X is one of the facilities in Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences(FKIK) UIN Jakarta that support learning in educational. Based on the initial data,there are 120 chemicals contained in this X lab. Results of a preliminary study ofinadequate control measures undertaken such as the placement of chemicalsubstances that have not been right, not completely of MSDS (Material Safety DataSheet), labeling is not proper, use of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) is notappropriate and others are expected to increase the risk of occupational safety andhealth in this laboratory.This study was done to identify, analyze and evaluate laboratory management aspectsof Health and Safety in the Laboratory X FKIK UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta in2016 with some reference standards. This is a qualitative study by observation,interviews and review of documents. This research was conducted from April to June2016.The results showed some elements are still not in accordance with the standards ofthe laboratory management, such as the unavailability of draft management systemsand quality management system of the laboratory, no transport system and acceptanceof chemicals, chemicals storage are not appropriate, emergency response system thatis not yet complete, never done risk management assessment and biomonitoring ofworkers.Faculty is advised that is important has to be done is rearrange the systemmanagement lab, Develop quality management systems, Develop EmergencyResponse System and Training of emergency in the Lab, Conducting RiskAssessment in the lab thoroughly and Perform health checks on employees on aregular basis.Keywords: laboratory management system, laboratory quality management systems,occupational health and safety, chemicals.