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Tuberkulosis Paru (TB Paru) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat. WHO memperkirakan di Indonesia setiap tahun ada 450.000 kasus baru dengan kematian 175.000 orang setiap tahunnya. Hasil SKRT 1995 menunjukkan bahwa tuberkulosis merupakan penyebab kematian ketiga setelah kadiovaskuler dan penyakit saluran pernapasan dan nomor satu dari golongan penyakit infeksi. Di Propinsi Sumatera Selatan Program Pemberantasan Penyakit TB Paru dengan strategi DOTS dimulai pada tahun 1995, data dari kabupaten / kota didapat angka kesembuhan 82,98 % dan angka cakupan penemuan penderita 26,7 %, Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Moehamad Hoesin Palembang pada tahun 1998/1999 angka konversi 84,16 % melebihi angka nasional 80%, tetapi angka kesembuhan hanya 76,19 %, dibawah angka nasional 85%. Ketidakpatuhan berobat merupakan salah satu penyebab kegagalan penanggulangan program TB Paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor - faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan berobat penderita Tuberkulosis Paru BTA Positif di RSUP Dr. Moehamad Hoesin Palembang Tahun 1998 -2000. Disain penelitian ini adalah kasus kontrol dengan jumlah sampel 186 responden, kriteria sampel penelitian adalah penderita TB Paru BTA Positif Kategori 1, 2 yang telah selesai makan obat dan berumur lebih dari 14 tahun, terdaftar dari bulan Agustus 1998 sampai dengan Desember 2000 di Bagian Penyakit Dalam Poliklinik DOTS RSUP Dr. Moehamad Hoesin Palembang. Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Moehamad Hoesin Palembang adalah Rumah Sakit yang pertama di Propinsi Sumatera Selatan melaksanakan Program Pemberantasan Tuberkulosis Paru dengan strategi DOTS. Hasil penelitian analisis - univariat dari 186 responden yang patuh 124 (66,7%) dan tidak patuh 62 ( 33,3%), laki-laki 130 (69,9%), umur produktif (16-45) tahun 135 orang ( 71,8%), pendidikan rendah 114 orang (61,3%), bekerja 100 (53,8%). Pada basil bivariat dari sepuluh variabel independen ternyata hanya empat variabel yang dianggap potensial sebagai faktor resiko (p< 0,25), Hasil analisis multivariat dengan metode Regresi logistik dari empat variabel independen diambil sebagai model, ternyata hanya satu variabel yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna yang paling kuat (p<0,05), yaitu pengawas menelan obat (PMO),OR =3.457. 95 5 : 1,644- 7.269, P value (Sig) = 0,0011. Kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik adalah bahwa faktor - faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan berobat penderita tuberkulosis paru BTA positif di Rumah Sakit Dr.Moehamad Hoesin tahun 1998 - 2000 adalah faktor PMO dan faktor penyuluhan kesehatan oleh petugas mempunyai hubungan bermakna secara statistik (p < 0,05) dengan kepatuhan berobat penderita TB Pam dan yang paling besar pengaruhnya terhadap variabel dependen adalah faktor Pengawas Menelan Obat (PMO). Selanjutnya dapat disarankan kiranya faktor pengawas menelan obat (PMO) tetap dipertahankan dan dilakukan pelatihan bagi kader, keluarga, PKK KotafKecamatan 1 Kelurahan, petugas kesehatan secara berkesinambungan dan meningkatkan terns kemampuan pengelola program TB Pam di RSUP Dr.Moehamad Hoesin Palembang, Untuk penyuluhan kesehatan oleh petugas kepada penderita, masyarakat tentang penyakit TB Paru hendaknya tetap diberikan secara berkesinambungan dengan menggunakan poster, leaflet, buku pedoman. Untuk Dinas Kesehatan Propinsi Sumatera Selatan agar tetap menyediakan obat anti Tuberkulosa kategori 1, 2, dan 3.
Lung Tuberculosis (Lung TB) still remains a community health problem, WHO estimates that in Indonesia, there are approximately 450,000 new cases annually with 175,000 death every year SKRT results of 1995 show that tuberculosis is the third cause of death following cardiovascular and respiratory disease and it is of the first cause of infection diseases. In South Sumatera Province, Lung TB Eradication Program with DOTS strategy has been introduced in the province since 1995. Data gathered from districts/cities indicate that the figure of healing is 82.98°/° and the figure of identified patients is 26.7%, At Dr. Moehamad Hoesin Central General Hospital of Palembang of 1998/1999, the conversion figure of 84,16% is higher than the national figure of 80%.However the figure of healing is only 76.19%, below the national figure of 85%. Disobedience to undertaking medical treatment is reportedly to be the cause of failure of Lung TB Eradication Program. This study is aimed at investigating factors that correlate with patients' obedience to undertaking treatment of Lung TB Positive BTA in Dr.Moehamad Hoesin Central General Hospital in Palembang in 1998 - 2000. The study design employed was controlled case with sample of 186 respondents. The sample criteria used were those samples were Lung TB Positive BTA patients of Category 1 and 2 who had taken their medicines and aged more than 14. registered since August 1998 until December 2000 in Internal Diseases Unit of Polyclinic of the hospital, Dr. Moehamad Hoesin Central General Hospital is the first hospital in the South Sumatera province introducing Lung TB Eradication Program with DOTS strategy. Result of univariat analysis shows that of 186 respondents, 124 patients (66.7%) were obedient and 62 (333%) were disobedient. The respondents consisted of 130 males (69.9%), 135 (71.8%) patients of productive age (16-45), poorly educated people of 146 (61.3%), working people of 100 (53.8%). The bivariat result indicates that of ten independent variables, only four variables considered potential as risk factor (p<0.25).The multivariat result shows that by using Logistic Regression method, of the four independent variables taken as models, only one variable proven to have the most significant correlation (p<0.05), which was supervisor taking medicine (PMO) OR=3.457.95%: 1.644-7.269, p value = 0, 0011. It may be concluded that factors that correlate with patients' obedience to undertaking Lung TB positive BTA treatment at the hospital during 1998 - 2000 are PMO factor and health education by health worker; these are having statistically significant correlation (p<0.05) with the patients' obedience to undertaking Lung TB treatment. While the most significant influence on the dependent variable was the supervisor-taking-medicine (PMO) factor. It may be recommended that the supervisor-taking-medicine factor be sustained; continuous training be provided for cadres, family members, Woman's Club of the city/district/village, and health workers; and management skills of officials in Lung TB Program of the hospital be improved continuously. The health education by health workers for patients and community on Lung TB disease should be sustainable provided by means of poster, flyers, manual book. The health department of South Sumatera Province should keep providing anti Tuberculosis medicines of category 1, 2, and 3.
Background : Maternal mortality rate due to the pregnancy and delivery has close related to delivery process. The utilization of health professional providing services to delivery mothers in Palembang, based on data profile DHO of Palembang in 2003 is illustrated by performance of the KIA activities, delivery process which is assisted by the health professional 83,48% and the remaining is 16,52% helped by the non-health professional. The Sub District of Seberang Ulu I is a subdistrict within the lowest amount of delivery process assisted by the health professional compared by other sub district in Palembang as much of 69,24%. Objectives : To identify the factors that correlate to the utilization of health professional by delivery mothers in Sub District of Seberang Ulu Palembang in 2005. Methods : This research is a cross sectional, with survey method. Samples taken are a group of mothers who have ever delivered in the range of time in the end of 2003 until the beginning of 2005. On this rapid survey, the sample taken are as many of 30 x 7 (30 RW, 7 people in each cluster/RW) = 210 samples. Data analysis uses univariate and multivariate to determine factors that influence the utilization of health professional using the software from UPT FKM UI. Conclusion : Based on the rapid survey, it was for dominate that midwives as an assistance of the delivery mothers in the Sub District of Seberang Ulu I (71,9%). Result of statistical test shows a variable of education, attitude toward delivery provided by professional health care, (OR=235,67), variable of knowledge about delivery (OR=7,25) and variable of delivery assistance cost (OR=1) has the relationship and utilization health professional in the Sub District of Seberang Ulu I. The determining factor that mostly affects the usage of health professional based on the analysis result of logistic regression multivariate is the delivery cost within OR=6,673 (95%CI: 2,067 – 21,554). Suggestion that can be recommended on this research is the necessity of the health professional that regularly provide the health counselling to the community, especially to the mothers about reproduction health include about scrutinize and the delivery care. Improving the health service quality such as the availability of sufficient and high quality and accessible by the the community, increasing a range of targets on the warranty program of health preservation and social insurance for the community in the Sub District of Seberang Ulu I.
Salah satu faktor yang menentukan mutu dari pendidikan keperawatan adalah faktor tenaga pengajar/dosen yang mengelola mata ajaran atau proses pendidikan secara keseluruhan. Jika dosen dapat melaksanakan tugas sesuai dengan ketentuan yang ada, maka diyakini kualitas pendidikan ditempat tersebut dapat meningkat. Kurang/tidak berjalannya fungsi dosen dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor pula, diantaranya ketidakpuasan terhadap pekerjaannya atau terhadap lingkungan dari pekerjaan itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu masalah kepuasan kerja perlu mendapat perhatian dari pengelola/pemilik institusi pendidikan keperawatan.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat kepuasan kerja dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepuasan kerja staf pengajar tetap akper swasta dan pemda di Propinsi Jambi. Desain yang digunakan adalah desain Cross Sectional dengan metoda survey dan analisa kuantitatif. Beberapa variabel yang diduga berhubungan dengan kepuasan kerja dibatasi pada faktor karakteristik demografi yaitu umur, jenis kelamin, dan status perkawinan, serta faktor pekerjaan yang terdiri dari status kepegawaian, masa kerja, sumber penghasilan dan beban kerja. Pengumpulan data mempergunakan alat ukur berupa kuesioner dengan pertanyaan tertutup baik terhadap variabel independen maupun variabel dependen, dengan terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua dosen tetap pada ketiga akademi keperawatan, karena jumlah populasi hanya 55 orang maka sampel yang diambil adalah semua dosen tersebut (total populasi).Analisa bivariat mempergunakan analisa statistik berupa uji regresi linear sederhana dan uji-t independen, sedangkan analisa multivariat dengan uji regresi linear ganda. Dan analisa univariat ditemukan responden yang paling muda berusia 23 tahun dan paling tua 52 tahun, 41,8 % laki-laki dan perempuan 58,2% serta yang sudah kawin 61,8%. Sedangkan yang berstatus PNS 52,7% dan bersumber penghasilan banyak 54,5% serta beban kerja berat 63,6% Dari analisa bivariat terdapat hubungan antara umur, masa kerja, sumber penghasilan dan beban kerja dengan kepuasan kerja. Tetapi secara analisa multivariat hanya umur dan masa kerja yang berhubungan dengan kepuasan kerja. Dari kedua variabel tersebut yang paling besar pengaruhnya terhadap kepuasan kerja staf akper swasta dan pemda Propinsi Jambi adalah variabel masa kerja, karena memiliki nilai koefisen regresi (b) atau nilai beta yang lebih tinggi.Disarankan kepada pengelola/pemilik akper swasta dan pemda di Propinsi Jambi agar menjadi bahan pertimbangan dan pemikiran dalam rangka pemenuhan kebutuhan staf, sehingga tercipta tingkat kepuasan kerja yang tinggi dari staf yang bersangkutan.
One of the factors that determines the quality of nursing education is teaching staffllecturers who organize the courses in particular or educational process in general. If lecturers can do their tasks in compliance with the existing stipulation, it is believed that the quality of education in the concerned place will be improved. The fact that the function of lecturers does not work is also due to a number of factors, one of which is the dissatisfaction of the lecturers to their job and work environment. The concern of this work satisfaction, therefore, need to be paid strong attention by the organizerslowners of the nursing educational institutions.The objective of this research is to figure out the level of work satisfaction and to identify factors related to work satisfaction of permanent teaching staff of private and regional government-owned nursing academies in Jambi province. The design applied is cross sectional design through survey and quantitative analysis. Some variables that were hypothesized to have correlation with work satisfaction were limited to those of demographic characteristics, that is: age, sex, and marital status as well as work factors consisting of employment status, working years, source of income and work burden. Data were collected through questionaire with closed questions both to independent variables and dependent variables. Prior to this, validity and realibility test was carried out. The population of this research is all permanent lecturers at the three nursing test was carried out. The population of this research is all permanent lecturers at the three nursing academies. Because the population number is only 55 lecturers, so all of them were taken as samples. Statistical analysis applied in bivariat analysis are simple linear regression test and independent T-test while multivariat analysis applies double linear regresion test.From univariat analysis, it is identified that the youngest respondent is 23 years old and the oldest is 52 years old. 41,8% of respondent are male and 58,2% are female and 61,8% are married, 52,7% are government employees, 54,5% have many sources of income and 63,6% of respondent have heavy work burden. Bivariat analysis shows that there is significant correlation between age, working years, source of income and work burden and work satisfaction, while multivariate analysis shows that only age and working years have correlation with work satisfaction. And from the two variables, working years has the bigger influence on work satisfaction of teaching staff of private and regional government-owned nursing academies in Iambi province, because it has higher regresion co-efficient as and Beta values.It is suggested that organizer/owner of private and government - owned academy make use of the result of this research as means of consideration and thought in the framework of fulfilling staff needs so as to realize the establishment of high level of work satisfaction of the concerned staff.
Untuk dapat mewujudkan Misi Indonesia Sehat 2010, ditetapkan empat misi pembangunan kesehatan dan salah satu misi tersebut adalah memelihara dan meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan yang bermutu, merata dan terjangkau. Pelayanan kesehatan hendaknya dikerjakan sesuai dengan standar pelayanan kesehatan yang berlaku dan dilakukan secara benar dengan segera. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan dalam rangka meningkatkan upaya pembangunan kesehatan guna mendekatkan pelayanan kesehatan kepada masyarakat dan meningkatkan pemerataan dan mutu pelayanan secara terus menerus. Sesuai dengan hal diatas, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji alasan-alasan yang mempengaruhi tingkat kepatuhan petugas dalam menggunakan standar penatalaksanaan ISPA pada Balita di Puskesmas Dempo Kota Palembang, dimana tingkat kepatuhan petugas terhadap standar penatalaksanaan di Puskesmas tersebut masih rendah. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam dengan 5 prang informan di Puskesmas Dempo. Sebagai informan adalah petugas kesehatan yang melayani balita penderita ISPA dengan mengadakan observasi dan wawancara mendalam (in-depth interview), sedangkan kepala Puskesmas dilakukan wawancara mendalam. Untuk petugas kesehatan yang dilihat adalah pengetahuan, sikap, motivasi, pengalaman, sarana dan imbalan, untuk kepala Puskesmas yang dilihat adalah pengawasan atau supervisi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yang menyebabkan ketidakpatuhan petugas menggunakan daftar tilik ISPA pada balita adalah karena rendahnya pengetahuan petugas terhadap standar pengetahuan yang ada di daftar tilik, terbatasnya waktu yang ada untuk melayani balita ISPA, kurangnya penghargaan pembinaan pada petugas, kurangnya pengawasan dan kepala Puskesmas dan kurangnya j umlah petugas yang diperlukan untuk melayani penderita ISPA. Melihat dari hasil penelitian ini disarankan kepada Dines Kesehatan agar mengadakan pelatihan kembali untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan petugas, menyediakan dana khusus untuk pembinaan, meningkatkan pengawasan, menyediakan dan memperbaiki sarana, dan lebih memperhatikan pelaksanaan program ISPA. Bagi kepala Puskesmas agar meningkatkan pembinaan dan pengawasan, mengadakan diseminasi, memotivasi petugas ISPA dengan memberikan penghargaan, menyediakan ruang periksa khusus, menambah jumlah petugas ISPA, memberikan perhatian yang cukup terhadap program ISPA dan melakukan pengawasan terhadap rekam medik dan sistem pencatatan dan pelaporan ISPA. Bagi petugas kesehatan adalah agar dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada pasien tetap berpedoman pada standar yang telah ditetapkan, apabila menemukan kesulitan atau hambatan melapor ke pimpinan dan agar setiap petugas ISPA terus meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam menangani pasien ISPA dengan mengikuti pelatihan-pelatihan yang diselenggarakan. Bagi peneliti lain agar meneliti variabel-variabel lain diluar variabel yang sudah diteliti dan meneliti lebih lanjut mengenai periunya daftar tilik yang ada sekarang untuk diperbaiki.
Qualitative Analysis of Personnel Compliance In Using ARI Check List in Infants: Case Study in Dempo Community Health Center, Palembang, South Sumatera Year 2001In order to realize the vision of Healthy Indonesia 2010, four health development missions have been set and one of such mission is to maintain and improve high quality, well-distributed and affordable health service. The health service must be done according to the prevailing health standard and shall be done correctly and immediately. Various efforts have been done in an attempt to improve health developments in order to give health service to the people and improve its distribution and quality continuously. According to the above matters, this research in intended to study the reasons that affect the level of personnel compliance in using the ARI administration standard in infants in Community Health Center in Dempo, Palembang, where the level of compliance of the personnel towards administration standard in such Community Health Center is still low. This research is a case study by using qualitative approach. The data is obtained through observation and in-depth interview with 5 informants in Dempo Community Health Center. The informants are health personnel that serve the infants ARI patients by performing observation and in-depth interview, while the Head of Community Health Center perform in-depth interview. The health personnel observed are knowledge, attitude, motivation, experience, facilities and rewards, while for the Head of Community Health Center the characteristics observed are supervision or control. Results of study shows that the cause of incompliance of personnel in using the ARl Check List in infants is the low level of such personnel knowledge toward the knowledge in such check list, the limitation of the available time to serve the ARI infants, the lack of incentive for guidance in such personnel, the lack of supervision from Head of Community Health Center and the lack of personnel needed to serve the ARI patients. Having observed this research it is suggested that the Health Office to perform retraining to increase knowledge of such personnel, provide special fund for development, increase supervision, provide and improve facilities, and pay more attention to the ART program implementation. For the Head of Community Health Center, they must improve development and supervision, dissemination, motivating the ARI personnel by giving rewards, provide special check room, increase the number of ARI personnel, provide sufficient attention to ARI program and perform supervision towards medical records and recording and reporting system of ARi. For the health personnel, in providing service to the patients they must stick to the standard that has been set, in case they have difficulties or obstacles they must report supervisor and each ARI personnel must continue to increase their knowledge and skill in handling ARI patients by following training. For other researchers, the variables other than that have been to studied can examined and further research regarding the need to improve the existing checklist.
Makanan adalah salah satu bahan pokok dalam rangka pertumbuhan dan kehidupan bangsa serta mempunyai peranan penting dalam pembangunan nasional. Karena itu masyarakat harus dilindungi keselamatan dan kesehatannya dari ancaman makanan yang tidak memenuhi syarat. Diantara makanan yang tidak memenuhi syarat adalah makanan daluwarsa yaitu makanan yang telah lewat tanggal daluwarsa atau telah lewat batas akhir suatu makanan dijamin mutunya, sepanjang penyimpanannya mengikuti petunjuk yang diberikan oleh produsen.Kepatuhan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman terhadap peraturan Menteri Kesehatan tentang makanan daluwarsa seringkali menimbulkan masalah dalam peredaran makanan karena dengan masih banyaknya ditemukan makanan daluarsa di lokasi penjualan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tentang tingkat kepatuhan dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman terhadap peraturan tentang makanan daluwarsa di propinsi Jambi tahun 2001.Penilaian terhadap kepatuhan dilakukan terhadap 105 pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman yang ingin diketahui terdiri dari pendidikan, pengetahuan, sikap terhadap peraturan tentang makanan daluwarsa, faktor pendukung yaitu penyuluhan peraturan tentang makanan daluwarsa dan faktor pendorong pengawasan dan sanksi.Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan rancangan potong lintang (Cross Sectional). Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi kepatuhan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman cukup rendah (50%) dan faktor yang berhubungan secara bermakna dengan kepatuhan terhadap peraturan tentang makanan daluwarsa adalah faktor sikap dan pengetahuan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman.Dari hasil penelitian disarankan pada pihak pemerintah yaitu balai POM Jambi supaya metode penyuluhan atau pembinaan yang dilakukan secara komprehensif sehingga pengetahuan terhadap peraturan dapat lebih ditingkatkan. Frekuensi pengawasan lebih ditingkatkan dan juga memberikan sanksi yang lebih keras terhadap pelanggaran yang telah dilakukan secara berulang-ulang.
The Factors that Related to the Obedience of Foods and Beverages Seller on the Regulation of Expired Date Foods in Jambi Province, 2001Food is one of the basic commodities for the growth of the nation and having an important role in national development.. So they should be protected from the threat of their health and also the foods which so not fulfil safety and quality requirement. Among the foods that which so fullfil safety and quality requirement are date marking the foods used over than the date that best for used or it had been expired date to be used in guaranteed quality, and as long as they stored that stated in the producers instruction.The obedience of foods retail seller to the regulation of the Minister of Health on date marking often rises problem in distributing them, since there were still found lot of expired foods in market place.The objective of this study was to identify the description of the obedience level and the factors that related to foods retail seller on the regulation of date marking in Jambi Province, 2001.The assessment of the obedience was conducted to 105 retail sellers of foods and beverages. The factors that related to the obedience of foods retail seIIers which to be identified among others education, knowledge, attitude to the regulation on expired food, supporting factor was education of regulation on date marking and encouraging factors were controlling and sanction.This study used quantitative approach, and the study design was cross sectional. The data was analysis by univariate, bivariate and multivariate.The result of this study showed that the proportion of the obedience foods retail seller was enough low (50%) and the factors that significantly related to the obedience of the regulation on date marking was attitude and knowledge of the foods retair seller.Referring to the result of this study, it is recommended to the government, e.i. The Center for Drug and Food Control, Jambi should give education and extension comprehensively, so the knowledge to the regulation on date marking can be improved. The frequency of controlling should be improved and also giving harder sanction to who trespasser that it was done in several times.