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Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan Kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 50 pekerja di bagian produksi, pengambilan sampel dengan teknik table Krejcie & Morgan. Jenis kuesioner tertutup dengan pilihan jawaban SS, S, KS, TS dan STS diukur menggunakan skala Likert. Kuesioner telah diuji validitas dengan Teknik analisis koefisien korelasi product moment pearson dan uji reliabilitas dengan alpha cronbach > 0,60. Analisa data menggunakan analisis korelasi dan regresi berganda.
Hasil Penelitian : Hasil analisis regresi berganda menunjukkan variable 9 paradigma psikometri mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap persepsi resiko kecelakaan kerja (p value < 0.05). Variabel pengalaman, pendidikan, usia, jenis kelamin, lama kerja dan sub unit kerja tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan persepsi resiko kecelakaan kerja.
Kesimpulan : Variabel paradigma psikometri menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan terhadap persepsi resiko kecelakaan kerja. Kata kunci: Persepsi , resiko, kecelakaan kerja
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata dimensi paradigma psikometri tergolong sedang (2,1-2,7 skala 4), artinya persepsi masyarakat cukup baik dan perlu ditingkatkan lagi. Dimensi ketakutan dipersepsikan rendah, artinya masyarakat belum sepenuhnya tahu akan risiko kegiatan. Penelitian menunjukkan persepsi risiko masyarakat terkait kegiatan eksplorasi tidak berhubungan dengan usia, jenis kelamin, jenis pekerjaan, serta tingkat pendidikan (p-value>α(0,05). Untuk menghindari kejadian yang tidak diinginkan terutama terkait isu keselamatan terkait kegiatan eksplorasi, perlu dilakukan sosialisasi menyeluruh kepada masyarakat di desa Muara Binuangeun, Kecamatan Wanasalam, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten.
This study aims to provide an overview of public safety risk perception in the desa Muara Binuangeun , Kecamatan Wanasalam, Kabupaten Lebak , Banten related exploration activities by PT X in 2013 using the psychometric paradigm. The study was conducted on 165 respondents in November-December 2013. Design of study is cross - sectional , primary data obtained from questionnaires , FGD and key informant interviews, secondary data provide an overview of the general public. This study used likert scale as follows 1 (very disagree)-4 (very agree). The mean value of each dimension is calculated, which is defined as follows: 1(low), 2-3(moderate), 4(good).
The results showed that the average value of the psychometric paradigm in risk perception were moderate ( 2.1 to 2.7 on a scale of 4 ), meaning that the public perception is quite good and need to be increased again. Study shows that the dread dimension quite low, meaning people do not fully know the risks of the activities. Research shows the public perception of risks associated exploration activities not related to age , gender , occupation , and education level (p-value>α(0,05). To avoid undesirable events primarily related safety issues in exploration activities, dissemination efforts to the entire community needs to be done.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi pekerja terhadap risiko keselamatan kerja dengan menggunakan paradigma psikometri di PT.X, Divisi T, yard S. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga membahas mengenai persepsi keuntungan (perceived benefit), persepsi kerugian (perceived risk) dan tingkat penerimaan risiko pekerja terhadap 10 pekerjaan yang biasa dilakukan di yard S. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kuantitatif yang dilengkapi dengan data sekunder (melalui telaah dokumen). Data kuantitatif dikumpulkan secara prospektif selama 2 bulan sejak bulan November-Desember 2012. Dari 31 pekerja yang diteliti, rata-rata pekerja di PT.X menempatkan Hard banding (gauging, grinding, heating) sebagai pekerjaan yang paling tinggi keuntungan (perceived benefit) sekaligus risikonya (perceived risk). Berdasarkan tingkat penerimaan risiko, rata-rata pekerja di PT.X menganggap bahwa hanya 1 pekerjaan yang terlalu berisiko, yaitu loading un loading menggunakan forklift. Pekerja di PT.X, Divisi T, yard S, cenderung berpersepsi bahwa risiko pada 10 pekerjaan yang ada di PT. X divisi T sedang-sedang saja. Berdasarkan 9 dimensi paradigma psikometri yang ada, rata-rata pekerja mengkategorikan 5 dari 9 dimensi yang ada pada posisi sedang (skala 2 dari 4 dan skala 3 dari 4). Selain itu diketahui pula bahwa persepsi mengenai risiko bersifat subjektif, sehingga sebuah pekerjaan yang sama dapat ditempatkan dalam penilaian risiko yang yang berbeda sesuai dengan kategori yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu evaluasi untuk mengetahui persepsi pekerja mengenai risiko perlu dilakukan secara berkala dengan tujuan membuat sistem tanggap risiko yang terintergrasi dengan melibatkan para pekerja tersebut.
ABSTRACT
This study is aimed to analyze risk perception among workers particularly about safety risk using psychometric paradigm in PT.X, Division T, yard S. In addition, this study also analyze the perceived benefit, perceived risk and level of acceptability risk through list of work provided (contain of 10 works). The study is use quantitative design study and completed by documents provided from the company. The quantitative data collected prospectives within 2 months since November until December 2012. From 31 workers, most of worker put hard banding (gauging, grinding, heating) as the most beneficial work (perceived benefit) and also the most risky (perceived risk). Base on level of acceptability of risk, most of worker at PT.X put loading unloading using forklift as the most risky job. As the summary, most of workers in PT.X, division T, yard S tend to perceived the risk at their company on medium level. Base on 9 dimension on pyschometry paradigm, most of workers put 5 dimension at medium level (scale 2 from 4). In addition, it's known that perception among risk is a subjective matter, where sometime job can be classify into different classification based on different categorize. That's why periodic evaluation is needed to analyze the progress of risk perception among workers. This evaluation will help the company to initiate the creation of integrated risk mitigation system which involve the workers on the process.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Dari hasil wawancara dapat disimpulkan bahwa, komitmen afektif di PT "X" sudah cukup baik karena sikap penerimaan karyawan terhadap program K3 di PT "X" sudah sangat baik, manajemen PT "X" juga selalu mengadakan training untuk pekerja baru dan refresh training untuk pekerja lama, manajemen PT "X" juga berkonsultasi pada para pekerja terkait K3 walaupun tidak melalui rapat-rapat melainkan langsung kepada karyawan di tempat, manajemen PT "X" juga sudah melakukan inspeksi dan investigasi terkait K3 secara rutin. (2) Dari hasil wawancara dapat disimpulkan bahwa Komitmen Kontinyu di PT "X" masih rendah karena tidak adanya anggaran dan SDM khusus dalam menunjang berlangsungnya K3 dalam perusahaan. Tidak adanya struktur organisasi khusus diperusahaan yang menangani program K3, semua yang berhubungan dengan pelaksanaan K3 itu tanggung jawab seorang personalia. Serta belum adanya evaluasi-evaluasi yang dilakukan manajemen mengenai pelaksanaan K3 selama ini. (3) Dari hasil wawancara di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa, Komitmen Normatif di PT "X" masih rendah, karena kepatuhan karyawan terhadap peraturan K3 masih rendah, tingkat pelanggaran yang dilakukan karyawan juga masih tinggi dan PT "X" belum memiliki prosedur dalam menjalankan K3 di seluruh unit kerja, yang ada hanya berupa instruksi-instruksi kerja.
This study aims to conduct analysis of study-level management commitment to the implementation of the Occupational Health and Safety in crumb rubber processing plant in PT. "X" West Kalimantan, 2014. Study was carried out on a permanent employee at managerial level and workers representative in Crumb Rubber Processing Factory PT "X" West Kalimantan in the month of March-June 2014, the use of descriptive analytic study design with qualitative analysis approach, the primary data in the form of in-depth interviews, and observations in the field. Observations carried out by cross-checking between the policies or procedures of the company with its implementation in the field.
The results showed that: (1) From the interviews it can be concluded that, affective commitment in PT "X" is good enough for acceptance to the program employees K3 PT "X" has been very good, the management of PT "X" has always held a training for new workers and training to refresh the old workers, the management of PT "X" was also consulted on the workers concerned K3 although not through meetings but directly to employees in place, the management of PT "X" has also been conducting inspections and investigations are routinely associated K3 . (2) From interviews it can be concluded that a Continuous Commitment to PT "X" is low because there has the absence of a special budget or human resources to support the company's ongoing K3. The absence of specific organizational structure in the company that handles the K3 program, all of which relate to the implementation of K3 was responsible personnel. And the lack of evaluations conducted during the management of the implementation of the K3. (3) From the interview above, it can be concluded that, Normative Commitment PT "X" is low, because the employee compliance with regulations K3 is still low, the level of offense committed employees are also still high and PT "X" does not yet have procedures in running K3 in all work units, which exist only in the form of work instructions.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the occupational health risks of workersexposed to TSP, PM10, PM2, 5, Cd, Si, As, and Pb that were carried out onmeasurements in outdoor, indoor, and personal respirable port location andcompare it to the non-port. This research is a descriptive analytic cross-sectionalresearch design. Based on this research, the results are risk characteristics (RQ)outdoor TSP and PM10 dust is less than 1, while PM2,5 located at Hopper 4 ismore than 1. For indoor dust RQ PM2,5 located at Hopper 6 and barging morethan 1, while on the non-port RQ is less than 1. For personal respirable RQ locatedat Hopper 6 and genset are more than 1, while in the non port is less than 1. Fornon-carcinogenic elements Cd, As and Pb RQ are less than 1, while thecarcinogenic element As and Cd, value of ECR is less than E-4 and for Silica valueof ECR is more than E-4.Key Word:TSP, PM10, PM2,5, Cd, Si, As, dan Pb, carcinogenic, non- carsinogenic, riskanalysis, risk characterization
Based on data for 2019-2022, 17 work accidents were reported at PT. XYZ, out of 17 accidents, 14 occurred in production. The general objective of this research is to analyze the factors related with work accidents in production workers at PT. XYZ. The research design used is cross sectional. The population and sample of 152 workers used saturated sampling technique. The data used are primary data derived from questionnaires and observations as well as secondary company data. Data analysis used the chi-square test. The results of the study 40.1% of workers had experienced work accidents with the most types of accidents being pinched, most workers were of mature age, male, secondary education, working period ≤ 5 years, shift work pattern, had a positive attitude, often/very often perform unsafe actions, low/medium fatigue, good physical condition, poor supervision, good training, good socialization, often/very often get inappropriate PPE, conducive housekeeping and often/very often intersect with unsafe conditions. Then there is a relationship between knowledge, unsafe actions, physical conditions, training and unsafe conditions with work accidents (p value <0.05). So based on the research results it is expected that PT. XYZ can always make continuous improvements in work accident prevention efforts.
Resiko bekerja di perusahaan migas PT X yang berlokasi di offshore Natuna adalah relatif tinggi. Sepanjang tahun 2018 – 2023 terjadi fluktuasi kecelakaan kerja di PT. X. Bahkan setelah dua tahun (tahun 2020 dan 2019) tidak terjadi kecelakaan kerja untuk kategori recordable injury (kasus di atas FAC), di tahun 2021 terjadi lagi 3 kasus (1 RWDC dan 2 MTC) dan di tahun 2022 terjadi 4 kasus (1 LWDC, 1 RWDC, dan 2 MTC). Di tahun 2023 terjadi 1 kasus (1 RWDC). Korban kecelakaan kerja di tahun 2021 didominasi oleh pekerja kontrak dan pekerja tetap sedangkan kecelakaan kerja di tahun 2022 dan 2023 semuanya terjadi pada pekerja kontrak. Sebagian besar kecelakaan yang terjadi penyebab langsungnya adalah unsafe acts. Sampai saat ini belum ada analisis menyeluruh dari data investigasi kecelakaan-kecelakaan yang telah dilakukan PT X untuk mendapatkan faktor-faktor penyebab dasar dari semua kecelakaan tersebut. Dengan demikian, penelitian perlu dilakukan, dan karena berhubungan dengan human factor, maka pada penelitian ini akan dianalisis faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kecelakaan kerja tersebut dengan metode Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kecelakaan kerja di PT X antara tahun 2018 – 2023 dengan metode HFACS. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data sekunder yang digunakan berupa rekaman kejadian kecelakaan dan laporan investigasi atas 41 kecelakaan di PT X. Data sekunder tersebut kemudian diklasifikasikan sesuai dengan empat (4) tahapan kegagalan di metode HFACS, yaitu unsafe acts, precondition of unsafe acts, unsafe supervision, dan organizational influence. Pengklasifikasian ini divalidasi oleh dua ahli keselamatan kerja, di mana hasil validasinya relatif tinggi (96%). Hasil: Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa faktor-faktor HFACS yang mempengaruhi kecelakaan terbesar berturut-turut adalah adverse mental state (51,2%), skill-based error (39%), routine violations (34,1%), dan tools/technological dan resource management (masing-masing 31,7%). Kemudian disusul oleh decision error (29,3%), inadequate supervision (22%), failed to correct problem dan organizational process masing-masing (17,1%), lalu supervisory violation dan organizational climate masing-masing (9,8%). Kesimpulan: Faktor-faktor HFACS yang memengaruhi kecelakaan kerja di PT X dapat digunakan sebagai masukan untuk perbaikan program K3 perusahaan guna menurunkan angka kecelakaan dengan memprioritaskannya pada faktor HFACS yang bersifat latent failure baru kemudian pada faktor active failure-nya, karena latent failure - jika diperbaiki- akan menjadi kunci untuk mencegah berulangnya kecelakaan.
The risks of working for the PT X , an oil and gas company located offshore Natuna are relatively high. Throughout 2018 – 2023 there were fluctuations in work accidents at PT. X. Even after two years (2020 and 2019) there was no work accident for the recordable injury category (cases above FAC), in 2021 there were 3 cases (1 RWDC and 2 MTC) and in 2022 there were 4 cases (1 LWDC, 1 RWDC, and 2 MTC). In 2023 there was 1 case (1 RWDC). Work accident victims in 2021 are dominated by contract workers and permanent workers, while work accidents in 2022 and 2023 all occur in contract workers. Most of the accidents that occur are directly caused by unsafe acts. Until now there has been no comprehensive analysis of accident investigation data that has been carried out by PT X to obtain the basic causal factors of all these accidents. Thus, research needs to be carried out, and because it is related to human factors, this research will analyze the factors that cause work accidents using the Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) method. Objective: Analyzing the factors that influence work accidents at PT X between 2018 – 2023 using the HFACS method. Method: This research is descriptive analytical research with a qualitative approach. The secondary data used is in the form of recordings of accidents and investigation reports on 41 accidents at PT X . This classification was validated by two occupational safety experts, where the validation results were relatively high (96%). Results: The research results explain that the HFACS factors that influence the biggest accidents are adverse mental state (51.2%), skill-based errors (39%), routine violations (34.1%), and tools/technological and resources, respectively. management (31.7% each). Then followed by decision errors (29.3%), inadequate supervision (22%), failed to correct problems and organizational processes respectively (17.1%), then supervisory violations and organizational climate respectively (9.8%). Conclusion: The HFACS factors that influence work accidents in PT X can be used as input for improving the company's H&S program to reduce the number of accidents by prioritizing the HFACS factors which are latent failures and then the active failure factors, because latent failures - if corrected - will become key to preventing recurrence of accidents.
