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According to Riskesdas 2013 and 2018, the highest prevalence of pneumonia in childrenunder five are the children aged 12-23 months. This study aims to identify the prevalenceand factors associated with pneumonia among children aged 12-23 months in Jawa Island.The study design used for this study is cross sectional with total sample of 2.695 children.Bivariate analysis is performed to identify factors associated with pneumonia. The resultsshow the prevalence of pneumonia among children aged 12-23 months is 5,5%. Measlesimmunization is significantly associated with pneumonia (POR= 1,743; 95% CI= 1,077-2,822). This study supports the importance of measles vaccination to prevent pneumonia.Intervention that can be implemented by the government is increasing measlesimmunization coverage through measles vaccination campaigns.Key words:Children Aged 12-23 Months, Pneumonia, Jawa Island.
Kata kunci: Gangguan Mental Emosional, Faktor-faktor, Remaja, Jawa Barat
Adolescents are an important age group for the nation. However, adolescents are prone to experiencing mental problems, one of which is emotional mental disorders. From the 2018 Riskesdas data, the prevalence of mental emotional disorders in adolescents 15-24 years was 10%. This figure is above the national prevalence rate. Meanwhile, West Java Province, which has the highest number of productive ages in Indonesia, is among the top 10 provinces with the highest prevalence of emotional mental disorders in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the relationship between factors associated with the incidence of emotional mental disorders in adolescents aged 15-24 years in West Java in 2018. The study design used was a cross-sectional study with follow-up data from the results of the 2018 Riskesdas. Samples used in this study are all residents in West Java Province aged 15-24 years who have been interviewed in Riskesdas 2018 and have complete data. The total sample in this study, amounting to 10561 samples. The results of this study indicate the prevalence of emotional mental disorders in adolescents aged 15-24 years in West Java by 11.2%. The highest prevalence of mental emotional disorders was found in female adolescents (13.3%), low education level (11.7%), divorced (12.2%), unemployed (11.5%), underweight nutritional status (13.8%), had a history of non-communicable diseases (22.4%), were former smokers (16.4%), and consumed alcohol (27.0%). Based on the results of multivariate analysis, the most dominant risk factor has a significant relationship with the incidence of mental emotional disorders, is alcohol consumption (PR = 2,43, 95%CI: 1,92-3,06). Then, followed by gender, smoking behavior, history of non-communicable diseases, and employment status.
Key words: Emotional Mental Disorder, Determinants, Adolescents, West Java
ABSTRAK Campak atau kerumut dalam bahasa Banjar adalah salah satu penyakit infeksi yang dapat di cegah dengan imunisasi dan masih masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Penyakit ini secara umum menyerang anak usia dibawah lima tahun (balita) yang di sebabkan oleh virus morbili. Di Kota Banjarmasin meskipun keberhasilan cakupan imunisasi campak telah mencapai lebih dari 90%, dan kelurahan yang telah mencapai UCI sebanyak 51 kelurahan, namun demikian berdasarkan laporan surveilans dinas kesehatan kota Banjarmasin selama 2011 dilaporkan telah terjadi kejadian luar biasa kasus campak sebanyak 5 kali, dengan 147 kasus. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian campak pada anak usia 0?59 bulan di Kota Banjarmasin Tahun 2011. Untuk itu digunakan pendekatan desain kasus kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa faktor utama yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian campak pada anak usia (0?59 bln) adalah pendidikan Ibu (OR= 13,88), pendidikan bapak (OR =6,33), status imunisasi campak (OR= 4,64), umur anak (OR=2,46), sedangkan faktor yang bersifat protektif adalah vitamin A (OR=0,34), dan penghasilan keluarga (OR=0,18). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa anak yang di imunisasi campak mempunyai orang tua yang berpendidikan baik, berpenghasilan cukup dan mendapat vitamin A dua kali dalam setahun dapat mengurangi angka kejadian campak. Dari hasil penelitian ini disarankan untuk memperbaiki kebenaran cakupan imunisasi, memberikan pelatihan safe injection dan cold chain bagi petugas pelaksana di puskesmas, penyuluhan kesehatan dengan bahasa daerah, pemberian vitamin A dan memberikan prioritas peningkatan program pada daerah dengan tingkat pendidikan Ibu dan Bapak yang rendah, serta berpenghasilan kurang sebagai sasaran di Kota Banjarmasin untuk menurunkan angka kejadian campak pada anak (0-59 bulan).
ABSTRACT Measles or kerumut in Banjar is one of the infectious diseases that can be prevented by immunization and health in Indonesia is still a problem. This disease generally attacks children under five years of age (infants) which is caused by a virus morbili. In the city of Banjarmasin despite the success of measles immunization coverage has reached more than 90%, and the village which has reached as many as 51 villages UCI, however, based on surveillance reports Banjarmasin city health department is reported to have occurred during the 2011 outbreak of measles cases as much as 5 times, with 147 case. The study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of measles in children aged 0-59 months in the city of Banjarmasin in 2011. For that use case-control design approach. The results showed that the main factors that influence the incidence of measles in children aged (0-59 months) is the mother of education (OR = 13.88), the father of education (OR = 6.33), measles immunization status (OR = 4.64 ), age of child (OR = 2.46), whereas protective factors are vitamin A (OR = 0.34), and family income (OR = 0.18). This study concluded that children who have measles immunization in the elderly are well educated, and have income sufficient vitamin A twice a year can reduce the incidence of measles. From these results it is advisable to fix the truth of immunization coverage, providing safe injection training and cold chain for executive officers at the health center, health education in local languages, provision of vitamin A and gives priority to improve the program in areas with high levels of education are low mother and father, as well as earn less as a target in the city of Banjarmasin to reduce the incidence of measles in children (0-59 months).
