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Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus which attacks the immune system of an infected person. HIV become a serious problem being faced in Indonesia especially West Java province. In 2020 the number of new HIV infection in West Java reach 5.666 cases, higher than an average new cases in Indonesia. The spread of HIV depend on social context and region-specific characteristic. Goal: This study aims to analyze demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with HIV prevalence in West Java Province in 2020. Methods: Epidemiology descriptive using ecological correlation study with multiple-group study. Populations in this study are all 27 regencies and municipalities in West Java Province. Results: The result of this study showed that population density part of demographic factor has a significant relation with HIV prevalence (P=0,038), with a moderate relationship and positive pattern (r=0,4). Human Development Index part of socioeconomic factor has a significant relation with HIV prevalence (P=0,035), with a moderate relationship and positive pattern (r=0,407). Meanwhile, for sex ratio and GRDP per Capita showed an insignificant relationship with HIV prevalence. Conclusion: Considering characteristic specific areas based on socioeconomic and demographic can be a good way for HIV prevention.
Demam berdarah dengue merupakan salah satu penyakit berbasis lingkungan yang masih menjadi permasalahan serius di seluruh daerah di dunia. DBD disebabkan oleh virus dengue yang di bawa oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti sebagai vektor utama dan aedes albopictus sebagai vektor sekunder dan ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk tersebut. Berdasarkan data BPS Provinsi Kalimantan Timur pada tahun 2019 Provinsi Kalimantan Timur mencatat terdapat 6723 kasus DBD dan Kota Balikpapan menjadi penyumbang terbesar dengan 1838 kasus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor iklim (suhu udara, kelembaban, dan jumlah hari hujan), sosio-demografi (kepadatan penduduk), dan upaya pengendalian vektor (Angka Bebas Jentik) dengan insidens DBD di Kota Balikpapan Tahun 2017-2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi dengan data sekunder yang bersumber dari Laporan DBD Dinas Kesehatan Kota Balikpapan dan Balikpapan dalam Angka oleh BPS Kota Balikpapan. Rata-rata IR DBD selama 5 tahun di Kota Balikpapan adalah 122 per 100.000 penduduk, paling tinggi di Kecamatan Balikpapan Tengah dan paling banyak dialami oleh kelompok umur.
Dengue hemorrhagic fever is an environmental-based disease which is still a serious problem in all regions of the world. DHF is caused by the dengue virus which is carried by Aedes aegypti as the main vector and Aedes albopictus as the secondary vector and is spread through the bite of these mosquitoes. Based on BPS, in 2019 the Province of East Kalimantan recorded 6723 cases of DHF and Balikpapan City was the largest contributor with 1838 cases. This study aims to determine the relationship between climatic factors (air temperature, humidity, and number of rainy days), socio-demographics (population density), and vector control efforts (larva free index) with DHF incidence in Balikpapan City in 2017-2021. This study uses an ecological study design with secondary data sourced from the DHF report of Balikpapan City Health Offices and ?Balikpapan dalam Angka? by Central Bureau of Statistics of Balikpapan City. The average DHF IR for 5 years in Balikpapan City is 122 per 100,000 population, the highest in Balikpapan Tengah District and most
Pregnancy at an early age (teenage pregnancy) occurs in adolescent girls aged < 20 years. In developing countries, it is estimated that there are 21 million adolescent girls aged 15- 19 years experiencing teenage pregnancy and among these teenage pregnancies there are around 12 million births. In Indonesia, the highest proportion of teenage pregnancies occurs in Eastern Indonesia. This study aims to determine the correlation between demographic, economic, environmental, and government programs factor with early pregnancy in provinces scattered in Eastern Indonesia in 2021. The study design used in this study was an ecological study (multiple group design) and the statistics test used are correlation and simple linear regression. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between age at first marriage < 20 years (p = 0.002) and participation in family planning (p = 0.006) with the incidence of early pregnancy among girls. The suggestion given is that it takes synergy and cooperation with parents, the community, the government, and other stakeholders to reduce the number of early marriages and pregnancy.
Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang sampai saat ini masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia karena penyebaran yang cepat dan dapat menyebabkan kematian. Penyakit DBD ini sampai saat ini masih banyak menyerang anak-anak. Sejak tahun 2003 - 2006 di Kota Tembilahan dari 359 totai kasus 341 kasus adalah anak-anak (95 %). Untuk mengetahui apa penyebabnya penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan faktor individu anak dan faktor lingkungan dengan kejadian DBD pada anak di Kota Tembilahan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Propinsi Riau. Jenis Pcnelitian ini disain Case Comrol dan menggunakan data primer meialui wawancara., pengukuran dan observasi lingkungan. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh anak-anak berusia dibawah 12 tahun yang tinggal dan menetap di Kota Tembilahan. Sampel adalah anak berusia dibawah 12 tahun yang menderita DBD yang dirawat di RSUD Puri Husada Tembilahan dan dilaporkan ke Dinas Kesehatan Kab. Indragiri Hilir sebagai kasus dan kontrol adalah anak bemsia dibawah I2 tahun yang bebas dari semua gejala DBD dan tinggal dalarn radius 100 meter dari rumah kasus. JumlaI1 sampel dalam penelitian ini 99 kasus dan 99 kontrol. Entri data dengan program Epi ~ info versi 6.0, pengolahan dan analisis data dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 13.0. Variahel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian DBD pada anak yaitu: kebersihan Iingkungan (OR = 31.11, 95 % CI 10.09 - 95.95), upaya mencegah gigitan nyamuk (OR = 16.33, 95 % CI 5.69 - 46.88), kepadatan hunian (OR = 14.48, 95 % CI 4.82 - 43.49), upaya mencegah berkembang biaknya nyamuk (OR = 8.45, 95 % Cl 2.33 ~ 3058) dan keberadaan jentik (OR = 3.55, 95 % CI 1.04 - l2.l4) Variabel yang tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian DBD pada anak: umur anak, jenis kekamin anak, persepsi status gizi anak, spend time anal: dan riwayat keluar kota dalam masa inkubasi yang diiakukan anak, umur ayah, pendidikan ayah, pekerjaan ayah, umur ibu, pendidikan ibu, pekeljaan ibu dan pengeluaran/sosial ekonomi keluarga, jenis kontainer. Dari temuan pada penelitian ini disamnkan: untuk keluarga dan masyarakat: menycdiakan tempat sampah di alias rumah masing-masing, mengubur barang-barang bekas yang tidak bisa masuk ke dalam tempat, pemasangan kawat kassa pada setiap ventilasi mmah, menutup dinding rumah, tidak menggantung pakaian di dalam rumah, aktiiitas siang hari di dalam rumah selalu: memakai obat nyamuk bakar/pakai repellenr, tidur pakai kelambu, menutup rapat tempat penampungan air, menaburkan bubuk abate minimal 3 bulan sekali, perbaikan konstruksi rumah/ luas rumah, upayakan satu rumah satu keluarga. Bagi Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir melakukan kegiatan pemantauanjentik dan pemberantasanjentik, dan pcnyuluhan kesehatan masyarakat.
Dengue Haemomghic Fever is one of the infectious diseases which are still until now become problem of Indonesian community health because of its rapid spread which can cause death, Generally disease under the age of 15 usual be major population whose infected to disease. This study is made to know the children individual factor and Dengue Haemoraghic Fever suffered by the children in Tembilahan city, indragiri Hilir District, Riau Province. This study used design case control study is analytical study which used. The study population is all children under the age of I2 living in Tembilahan. The samples are the children under the age of I2 years who diagnosed as Dengue haemoraghic Fever case cure hospitalized in Regional Hospital of Puri Husada Tembilahan. All the cases reported to Distric Health Oftice of Indragiri Hilir. All the case considered as the case and of the study the control will be randomly selected for their neighbor. As sample in this study is 99 (ninety nine) case and 99 (ninety nine) control. The study found the following variable of study have significantly related to the occurred of the depend are the environmcnt sanitation (OR = 31,3l, 95 % CI 10.09 - 95,95), effort to prevent the mosquito bite (OR = l6,33, 95 % CI 5,69 - 4638), the household crowding index (OR = l4,48, 95 % Cl 4,82 ~ 43.49), effort to prevent the mosquito reproduction (OR = 8,45, 95 % CI = 2,33 - $50.58) and larvae availability in the container (OR = 3,55, 95 % CI = 1,04 - l2.l4). Based on this study result, it is recommended that for household and community to clean cnvironment, to all the time prevent the mosquito bites especially on the day, and community should cultivate in their daily life the 3 M activities (to bury, to close and to flush) of the water reservoir at least once a week For dense population area, it is recommended not make travel to the endemic area in the secondary infection in the household. It is recommended that the Health Office oflndragiri Hilir District and Public Health Center in Tembilahan to improve the health extension program through the clean Friday movement, mosquito nest combat.
