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Fasilitas-fasilitas yang ada di industri minyak dan gas bumi tergolong berisiko tinggi dikarenakan bahan yang dikelola adalah minyak dan gas mudah terbakar dan mudah meledak baik secara intern maupun dengan proses luar.
PT X adalah sebuah perusahan minyak dan gas bumi yang beroperasi di lepas pantai (offshore) sebagai pengguna FSO dengan kapasitas 660.000 barrel oil. FSO tersebut sudah mulai dioperasikan pada bulan Agustus 2012 tetapi belum memiliki hasil analisis risiko yang cukup untuk aktifitas yang ada dalam FSO tersebut. Kondisi ini sangat berbahaya karena FSO adalah suatu instalasi dengan risiko sangat tinggi terhadap ledakan/kebakaran, kecelakaan fatal dan saat ini perusahaan tidak mempunyai informasi yang cukup apakah peralatan atau sistem pencegahan bahaya sudah sesuai dengan kebutuhan atau tidak.
Tujuan penelitian secara umum untuk mengetahui jenis risiko dan tingkat risiko keselamatan kerja yang potensial terjadi pada aktifitas di ruang pompa dan pengendaliannya dan tujuan penelitian secara khusus untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis aktifitas apa saja yang dilakukan di ruang pompa FSO PT X, mengetahui jenis-jenis bahaya/ risiko yang ada di ruang pompa, mengetahui tingkat risiko yang ada dari setiap aktifitas yang ada di ruang pompa dan mengetahui pengendalian apa saja yang sudah ada dan yang masih diperlukan untuk meminimalkan risiko yang ada di setiap aktifitas di ruang pompa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis risiko keselamatan kerja pada proses yang dilakukan di ruang pompa di FSO PT X.
Penelitian dilakukan dengan observasi lapangan, diskusi dengan pekerja FSO dan PT. X, juga analisa data yang dimiliki oleh PT X. Waktu penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan April 2013.
Penelitian merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, dimana dilakukan penilaian terhadap risiko yang dimiliki oleh pekerja dengan mengkombinasikan inspeksi dilapangan dengan teknik penilaian risiko. Penilaian risiko dilakukan dengan tahapan manajemen risiko sesuai dengan Risk Management AS/ NZS 4360:1999/2004.
Hasil Penelitian Aktifitas yang ada di ruang pompa adalah turun naik tangga, pengoperasian pompa kargo, perawatan pompa kargo, pembersihan bilge ruang pompa, memasuki ruang pompa, pengecatan di ruang pompa, pekerjaan pada ketinggian, dan kondisi peralatan di ruang pompa.
Risiko tertinggi dari semua aktifitas adalah pada aktifitas pengoperasian pompa kargo dimana risiko setelah kontrol masih ditingkat risiko Tinggi hal ini terjadi karena karena pekerjaan dilakukan dengan mengaktifkan pompa sehingga timbul panas, bising, asap yang sangat mengganggu aktifitas dan konsentrasi pekerja. Risiko terendah dari semua aktifitas adalah aktifitas pengecatan di ruang pompa dengan tingkat risiko satu Sedang dan dua Rendah.
Pengendalian risiko yang telah dilakukan adalah penerapan prosedur melalui instruksi kerja, Permit to work, pembuatan kemiringan tangga yang tidak lebih dari 60 derajat, penerangan yang cukup, penggunaan alat pelindung diri seperti coverall, masker, safety shoes, handglove, safety glasses, ear plug, ventilasi udara, pemberlakukan jadwal kerja yang bergantian, pemasangan peredam panas pada bagian-bagian panas tinggi, pembuatan jalur pekerja, pengecekan kandungan gas yang ada di ruang pompa, pekerja yang mengetahui tata letak peralatan di ruang pompa dan memastikan pekerja yang bekerja adalah sehat, pemeriksaan rutin peralatan angkat secara rutin seperti body harness, chain block, wire sling, konstruksi penyangga chain block.
Existing facilities in the oil and gas industries was generally classified as high risk due to substance oil and gas is flammable and explosive with both internal and external processes.
PT. X is an oil and gas company operating in the offshore as an FSO users with capacity 660,000 barrels of oil. The FSO was started in August 2012 but has not had sufficient risk analysis for existing activities in the FSO. This condition is very dangerous because the FSO is a plant with a very high risk for explosions / fires, fatal accidents and the company currently does not have sufficient information whether equipment or hazard prevention systems are in accordance with the requirements or not.
General research purposes to determine the type and level of risk potential safety risks occur in activities in the pump room and its control and objective study specifically to determine what types of activities are carried out in a pump room FSO PT X, knowing the types of hazards / risks that exist in the pump room, knowing that there is the risk level of any activity that is in control of the pump room and find out what is already there and are still required to minimize the risks involved in each activity in the pump room.
This study was conducted to analyze safety risks on the process undertaken in the pump room at the FSO PT X.. Research carried out by field observations, discussions with workers FSO and PT. X, as well as analysis of data owned by PT X. The study was conducted in January to April 2013.
Research is a qualitative descriptive, which made an assessment of the risk to workers by combining field inspection with risk assessment techniques. Risk assessment carried out by stages in accordance with the Risk Management AS / NZS 4360:1999 / 2004.
The activities are there in the pump room is down and up stairs, the operation of cargo pumps, cargo pump maintenance, cleaning bilge pump room, inspection to pump chamber, the painting in the pump room, work at height, and condition of the equipment in the pump room.
Highest risk of all activities is the operation of cargo pump activity which after controls the level of risk still High this happens because as the work is done by activating the pump so that the resulting heat, noise, smoke highly disrupt the activity and concentration of workers. The lowest risk of all activity is the activity of painting in the pump room with a Medium risk level and two Low.
Control risk is the application procedure has been carried out through the work instructions, permit to work, making the slope of the stairs which no more than 60 degrees, adequate lighting, the use of personal protective equipment such as coveralls, masks, safety shoes, handglove, safety glasses, ear plugs, air vents, the sift work schedule, installation of heat shock on high heat parts, installs line workers, checking the gas content in the pump room, workers who know the location of equipment in the pump room and ensure workers are healthy, regular test lifting equipment such as body harness, chain block, wire slings, chain block buffer construction.
Introduction: Hydrocarbons are flammable materials can cause major accidents and explosions at offshore platform hydrocarbon processing. Fires and explosions on offshore platforms are relatively rare accidents but can have unforeseen consequences that can have a significant impact on fatality and loss of assets. Methods: Descriptive method with quantitative design from secondary data in 2020 (cross sectional) and literature study without intervention on the research object (non-experimental) using software (PHAST) to evaluate the consequences of fire and explosion models. Frequency analysis with fault tree and event tree analysis methods, to analyse the possibility of overpressure and major accidents events on offshore platforms hydrocarbon processing facilities which are Major Hazard Plants. Result: The highest risk level for the personnel fatality working on the offshore platform is in the ALARP Region level from the largest contributor to the flash fire scenario with the number of fatalities as many as 10 peoples and the frequency value of 3.26E-08/year means 1 out of 30,674,847 flash fire scenario opportunities in 1 year can occur to cause fatality of 10 people, while the risk to assets is in an acceptable risk level from the largest contributor to the jet fire scenario with loss of assets 40,590,800.00 and the highest frequency value is 6.31E-08/year) means that 1 in 15,847,861 opportunities of a jet fire scenario in 1 year can occur to cause asset loss of $ 40,590,800 from fires and explosions in overpressure scenarios that have the potential to occur on the new offshore platform taking into account some of the safety systems that have been defined in the design. Conclusion: There is no need for additional mitigation because the safety system that has been determined in the design is sufficient to prevent major accidents that can occur so that the new offshore platform is declared safe to operate.
Fire incidents are a prevalent type of work-related accident in the manufacturing sector, including the cement industry. PT X is one of the cement factories that reported 21 fire cases from 2020 to 2024, indicating a concerning trend of recurring incidents yearly. This study aims to analyze the fire trend at PT X through the lens of human factors, utilizing the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) approach. Employing a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical design, the research relies on secondary data from the company's incident investigation reports and interviews with relevant stakeholders. This study performed data analysis to elucidate the characteristics and causal factors underlying the trend in fire incidents, utilizing the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) framework. The findings reveal that latent conditions significantly impact the fire trend more than active failures. Key causal factors identified in latent conditions include resource management, inadequate supervision, and crew resource management, while decision errors are the dominant causal factors identified in active failures.