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Salah satu upaya pemerintah untuk menjamin terselenggaranya pemeliharaan kesehatan bagi seluruh masyarakat adalah dengan dikembangkannya Jaminan Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Masyarakat. Bagi pegawai negeri, jaminan pemeliharaan kesehatan tersebut berbentuk Asuransi wajib Kesehatan.Dalam hal ini perlu diadakan suatu penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran hubungan sejumlah faktor pemanfaatan kartu Askes oleh peserta wajib PT. ASKES dengan upaya mendapatkan pengobatan rawat jalan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Jambi Selatan Kota Jambi tahun 2002. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan potong lintang. Sedangkan responden yang diteliti adalah sebanyak 110 orang.Faktor-faktor yang diteliti dikategorikan atas pertama faktor predisposing yang terdiri dari umur, jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, pangkat/golongan, suku/keturunan, agama/kepercayaan, status pekerjaan, status pendidikan, pengetahuan. Kedua faktor enabling terdiri dari jarak ke Puskesmas dan kepesertaan asuransi lain. Faktor yang ketiga faktor need yaitu persepsi keseriusan penyakit.Secara statistik, penelitian ini menggunakan analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Analisis univariat digunakan untuk melihat gambaran secara deskriptif. Analisis bivariat dengan uji chi square digunakan untuk melihat bagaimana hubungan diantara faktor-faktor yang ada pada peserta wajib PT. ASKES dengan pemanfaatan kartu Askes. Sedangkan analisis multivariat berfungsi untuk menemukan faktor yang paling dominan yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan kartu Askes.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel-variabel yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan kartu Askes adalah umur, pangkat/golongan, status pendidikan, status pekerjaan, jarak ke Puskesmas, kepesertaan asuransi, dan faktor need. Dari hasil analisis multivariat ketujuh variabel tersebut, ternyata variabel yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan kartu Askes adalah umur, status pekerjaan dan faktor need. Sedangkan variabel yang paling berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan kartu Askes adalah variabel umur.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ada beberapa saran yang dianjurkan antara lain, pertama PT. Askes hendaknya mengkaji ulang pemanfaatan kartu Askes khususnya bagi peserta yang usia lanjut (manula). Kedua PT. ASKES hendaknya menyediakan Poliklinik yang memadai bagi peserta yang usia lanjut (manula).
Some Factors Related to ASKES Card Usage by Compulsory in Obtaining Mobile Care Treatment at the Public Health Service of South Jambi Sub district in Jambi Municipality in 2002One of government attempts of keeping public health care is developing public health insurance. For the governmental officers, this insurance is given in the form of health compulsory insurance.In the respect, there should be a research aimed at obtaining a description on relationship between ASKES card usage factors by its compulsory holders and their attempts of getting mobile health care at South Jambi Sub district Public Health Service (PHS) in Jambi Municipality in 2001. This research uses cross sectional design. Its respondents are 110.The factors studied in this research are classified into predisposing, enabling and need factor. The first includes age, sex, marital status, social stratification, race/descendant, customs/belief, occupation status, education status, and knowledge. The second consists of distance to PHS and other insurance membership. While the third is perception on disease fatality.Statistically, this research uses univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses. Univariat analysis is used to perceive description. Bivariate analysis with chi square trial is applied to see how is the relationship between available factors of PT. ASKES compulsory members and their ASKES card usage. On the other hand, multivariate analysis is functioned to find the most dominant factor related to ASKES card usage.The research result show that variables related to ASKES card usage are age, social stratification, education status, distance to PHS, other insurance membership and need. Based on multivariate analysis, the factors related to ASKES card usage are age, occupation status and need. On the other hand, the most related factor is age.As the result, there are some suggestions, for example the first is that PT ASKES should evaluated ASKES card usage particularly by elder people. The second is that PT. ASKES should provide proper medical clinic for elder people.
Penyakit malaria menyerang semua orang dan menimbulkan kerugian dibidang sosial ekonomi, sampai saat ini merupakan masalah kesehatan dan salah satu dari sepuluh besar penyakit penyebab kematian di Indonesia.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian malaria pada puskesmas di kabupaten Sarolangun. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observational dengan rancangan kasus kontrol. Sebagai kasus adalah klien yang berkunjung ke puskesmas dengan gejala malaria klinis dan hasil sediaan darah malaria positif sedangkan kontrol klien tanpa gejala malaria klinis, dan hasil sediaan darah negatif.Variabel lingkungan dan perilaku yang berhubungan bermakna dengan kejadian malaria yaitu tempat perindukan nyamuk, pendidikan, pemelihaiaan ternak, pemakaian kelambu dan pembersihan lingkungan. Sedangkan status ekonomi, pekerjaan, penggunaan obat anti nyamuk dan pemasangan kawat kasa nyamuk tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian malaria. Hasil analisis multivariate dari fit-model diperoleh faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kejadian malaria adalah variabel pendidikan dan pembersihan lingkungan, memiliki kecanderungan 5,85 kali berisiko malaria pada responden yang berpendidikan rendah dan tidak membersihkan lingkungan.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disarankan, kiranya pemerintah daerah kabupaten Sarolangun khususnya Dinas Kesehatan dapat merancang program dan kebijakan terhadap pemberantasan penyakit malaria secara lintas program dan lintas sektoral, dan meningkatkan kegiatan survei malaria yang efektif dan efisien secara berkesinambungan melalui puskesrnas meningkatkan program penyuiuhan kepada masyarakat tentang penyakit malaria dan upaya pencegahan, dengan pemakaian kelambu dan pembersihan lingkungan secara teratur.
Malaria attacks every body and inflicts social and economical losses. As a health problem, it is among the big ten diseases causing death in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to obtain infomiation regard ing factors related to malaria incidence in community health centers (Puskesmas), regency of (kabupaten) Sarolangun. This observational study was designed in case control manner. A Case was defined as a patient visiting Puskesmas with clinical mataria symptoms and positive parasite blood examination, while a control was a patient without symptom and had a negative parasite blood.Environmental and behavioral variables significantly associated with malaria incidence were breeding places, education, cattle grazing, use of mosquito net, and environmental cleaning. Economic status, occupation, use of anti mosquito chemicals and wire netting were not associated with malaria incidence. The tittest model resulted from multivariate analysis showed that interaction variable of education-environmental cleaning was the most dominant factor. The risk to suffer from malaria was increasing 5.9 times among low educated subjects avoid cleaning their environment.Based on the study findings, it is recommended that the local government in Kabupaten Sarolangun, especially the District Health Oflice, should be able to develop policies to conuol malaria with inter-sector and across program approaches and to improve that effectiveness and efficiency of continuous malaria surveys.It is also suggested that Puskesmas should enhance community education programs concerning malaria and relevant preventive actions, such as using mosquito net and cleaning the enviromnent.
Background : Maternal mortality rate due to the pregnancy and delivery has close related to delivery process. The utilization of health professional providing services to delivery mothers in Palembang, based on data profile DHO of Palembang in 2003 is illustrated by performance of the KIA activities, delivery process which is assisted by the health professional 83,48% and the remaining is 16,52% helped by the non-health professional. The Sub District of Seberang Ulu I is a subdistrict within the lowest amount of delivery process assisted by the health professional compared by other sub district in Palembang as much of 69,24%. Objectives : To identify the factors that correlate to the utilization of health professional by delivery mothers in Sub District of Seberang Ulu Palembang in 2005. Methods : This research is a cross sectional, with survey method. Samples taken are a group of mothers who have ever delivered in the range of time in the end of 2003 until the beginning of 2005. On this rapid survey, the sample taken are as many of 30 x 7 (30 RW, 7 people in each cluster/RW) = 210 samples. Data analysis uses univariate and multivariate to determine factors that influence the utilization of health professional using the software from UPT FKM UI. Conclusion : Based on the rapid survey, it was for dominate that midwives as an assistance of the delivery mothers in the Sub District of Seberang Ulu I (71,9%). Result of statistical test shows a variable of education, attitude toward delivery provided by professional health care, (OR=235,67), variable of knowledge about delivery (OR=7,25) and variable of delivery assistance cost (OR=1) has the relationship and utilization health professional in the Sub District of Seberang Ulu I. The determining factor that mostly affects the usage of health professional based on the analysis result of logistic regression multivariate is the delivery cost within OR=6,673 (95%CI: 2,067 – 21,554). Suggestion that can be recommended on this research is the necessity of the health professional that regularly provide the health counselling to the community, especially to the mothers about reproduction health include about scrutinize and the delivery care. Improving the health service quality such as the availability of sufficient and high quality and accessible by the the community, increasing a range of targets on the warranty program of health preservation and social insurance for the community in the Sub District of Seberang Ulu I.
Puskesmas merupakan ujung tombak Pelayanan Kesehalan dan sebagai suatu organisasi melaksanakan fungsi-fungsi manajemen, salah satu fungsi tersebut adalah penggerakan pelaksanaan (P2) dan pada pclaksanaannya di Puskesmas dikenal dengan lokakarya mini Puskesmas yang berguna mengevaluasi kegiatan-kegiatan program yang telah dikeijakan bulan lalu, tennasuk P2 TB-Paru dalam penemuan penderita TB-Paru- Untuk dapat meningkatkan cakupan penemuan penderita TB Paru ini, sarana yang cukup strategis adalah membahasnya secara mendalam dalam kegiatan Iokakarya mini Puskesmas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh gambaran atau informasi tcntang evaluasi pelaksanaan lokakarya mini Puskesmas dalam penemuan penderita TB-Paru di Kota Jambi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif karena belum ada penelitian serupa sebelumnya, dengan memakai pendekatan sistem meliputi input yaitu jadwal, data cakupan penemuan penderita TB-Pam bulan lalu, hambatan pelaksanaan penemuan penderita TB-Paru bulan lalu, proses pelaksanaan meliputi variabel daftar hadir, agenda/materi rapat, tema pembicaraan, laporan kegiatan penemuan penderita TB-Paru bulan lalu, metode pelaksanaan, analisis hambatan pelaksanaan kegiatan penemuan penderita TB-Paru bulan lalu, mekanisme keljasama antara pihak terkait, pemecahan masalah, perhitungan target cakupan penemuan penderita TB-Paru bulan yang akan datang, notulen rapat serta output berupa rencana keija baru (POA) penemuan penderi ta TB-Paru untuk bulan yang akan datang. Analisis data dilakukan dengan membuat transkrip hasil wawancara, membuat ringkasan data dalam bentuk matriks, mengkategorikan data yang mempunyai karakteristik atau pola yang sama, serta melakukan identifikasi persamaan, perbedaan dan kecenderungan antar variabel dengan melakukan interpretasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pcngetahuan petugas tentang Lokakarya mini Puskesmas cukup baik sementara untuk program P2 TB-Paru masih bervariasi, masih kurangnya sarana dan prasarana serta penghargaan terhadap petugas. Lokakarya mini Puskesmas telah dilaksanakan setiap bulan dengan tema yang berbeda dan tidak fokus pada kegiatan penemuan penderita TB-Pam saja. Kerjasama diantara petugas belum semuanya berjalan dengan baik, belum optimalnya pelaksanaan Lokakar-ya mini Puskesmas ini sehingga belum dapat menyelesaikan masalah rendahnya penemuan penderita TB-Paru di Kota Jambi serta belum ditindak lanjutinya hasil lokakarya mini Puskesmas ini dalam bentuk pembuatan Rencana Kerja Baru (POA). Dengan mclihat hasil penelitian di atas perlu bagi Dinas Kesehatan Kota Jambi untuk menyusun suatu petunjuk teknis tentang Lokakarya Mini Puskesmas, meningkatkan pembinaan, mengadakan pelatihan serta melengkapi sarana dan prasarana yang dibutuhkan. Bagi Kepala Puskesmas agar membina kerjasama tim dengan baik atas dasar keterbukaan, saling menghargai dan memperbaiki sistem penyimpanan dokumen.
A Health Center is a Primary Health Service in the grass root level. Health Center is an organization that order management function like "implementation" (P2), known as a ?Lokakarya Mini" (a simple workshop) to evaluate all activities done in last month, including the TB control activities like case finding. To increase the coverage of TB case finding, a simple workshop in the Health Center is required. The objective of this study is to find out the infomation of TB case finding activities conducted in the city of Jambi through the implementation of a simple workshop. This study was conducted with qualitative method using the following information like time schedule, number of TB cases treated last month, problem arises on case tindi ng for last month. For process of the implementation of activities, the following are studied i.e. absenteism, agenda of the workshop, topic of discussion, TB cases reported for the last month, method of simple workshop implementation, analysis of case finding, the mechanism of collaboration of related units on TB control, to solve the existing problems, problem solving, estimating the total TB cases expected for the next month, minutes of the meeting, and the ?output? of preparing a new plan of action on the expected TB cases to be covered next month. Analysis of existing data made produced the following, a transcript of the result of the interview, a list of information tabulated in a matrix, categorizing data in groups, identified the same group and the different one, and the inclination of variables followed by interpretation of data with reference to the respective theory. The result indicated that the knowledge of the Health Center staff on the simple workshop of the health center is good enough but it is varied for TB control because of less of availability of equipment and because of lack of rewards. A simple workshop is organized every month with different topics not.only for TB case finding. Lack of cooperation among the Health Center staff makes the Lokakarya Mini (simple workshop) not optimum enough to solve the problem of low TB coverage in Jambi township and because of no follow up taken based on the finding during the last workshop by introducing the plan of action (POA). According that result the Municipal Health Department of Jambi township should arrange a manual for a simple workshop on TB control, to improve the services, the trainings and to provide the required resources. The head of the Health Center is required to build up a good collaboration of his/her staff based on transparancies, respecting each other, and improving the filing system.
Makanan adalah salah satu bahan pokok dalam rangka pertumbuhan dan kehidupan bangsa serta mempunyai peranan penting dalam pembangunan nasional. Karena itu masyarakat harus dilindungi keselamatan dan kesehatannya dari ancaman makanan yang tidak memenuhi syarat. Diantara makanan yang tidak memenuhi syarat adalah makanan daluwarsa yaitu makanan yang telah lewat tanggal daluwarsa atau telah lewat batas akhir suatu makanan dijamin mutunya, sepanjang penyimpanannya mengikuti petunjuk yang diberikan oleh produsen.Kepatuhan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman terhadap peraturan Menteri Kesehatan tentang makanan daluwarsa seringkali menimbulkan masalah dalam peredaran makanan karena dengan masih banyaknya ditemukan makanan daluarsa di lokasi penjualan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tentang tingkat kepatuhan dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman terhadap peraturan tentang makanan daluwarsa di propinsi Jambi tahun 2001.Penilaian terhadap kepatuhan dilakukan terhadap 105 pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman yang ingin diketahui terdiri dari pendidikan, pengetahuan, sikap terhadap peraturan tentang makanan daluwarsa, faktor pendukung yaitu penyuluhan peraturan tentang makanan daluwarsa dan faktor pendorong pengawasan dan sanksi.Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan rancangan potong lintang (Cross Sectional). Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi kepatuhan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman cukup rendah (50%) dan faktor yang berhubungan secara bermakna dengan kepatuhan terhadap peraturan tentang makanan daluwarsa adalah faktor sikap dan pengetahuan pemilik sarana penjual makanan minuman.Dari hasil penelitian disarankan pada pihak pemerintah yaitu balai POM Jambi supaya metode penyuluhan atau pembinaan yang dilakukan secara komprehensif sehingga pengetahuan terhadap peraturan dapat lebih ditingkatkan. Frekuensi pengawasan lebih ditingkatkan dan juga memberikan sanksi yang lebih keras terhadap pelanggaran yang telah dilakukan secara berulang-ulang.
The Factors that Related to the Obedience of Foods and Beverages Seller on the Regulation of Expired Date Foods in Jambi Province, 2001Food is one of the basic commodities for the growth of the nation and having an important role in national development.. So they should be protected from the threat of their health and also the foods which so not fulfil safety and quality requirement. Among the foods that which so fullfil safety and quality requirement are date marking the foods used over than the date that best for used or it had been expired date to be used in guaranteed quality, and as long as they stored that stated in the producers instruction.The obedience of foods retail seller to the regulation of the Minister of Health on date marking often rises problem in distributing them, since there were still found lot of expired foods in market place.The objective of this study was to identify the description of the obedience level and the factors that related to foods retail seller on the regulation of date marking in Jambi Province, 2001.The assessment of the obedience was conducted to 105 retail sellers of foods and beverages. The factors that related to the obedience of foods retail seIIers which to be identified among others education, knowledge, attitude to the regulation on expired food, supporting factor was education of regulation on date marking and encouraging factors were controlling and sanction.This study used quantitative approach, and the study design was cross sectional. The data was analysis by univariate, bivariate and multivariate.The result of this study showed that the proportion of the obedience foods retail seller was enough low (50%) and the factors that significantly related to the obedience of the regulation on date marking was attitude and knowledge of the foods retair seller.Referring to the result of this study, it is recommended to the government, e.i. The Center for Drug and Food Control, Jambi should give education and extension comprehensively, so the knowledge to the regulation on date marking can be improved. The frequency of controlling should be improved and also giving harder sanction to who trespasser that it was done in several times.