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Street food (SF) is popular and loved by people around the world. Every day, as many as 2.5 billion people worldwide and millions of people in developing countries consume street food. In developing countries, SF generally prepares their food in open spaces with poor hygiene practices, inadequate sanitation infrastructure, and a lack of clean water. Many countries reported food contamination by E. coli, including India, Indonesia, Ethiopia, Mexico, Philippines, China, and Sudan. These countries are associated with poor sanitary hygiene. This study aims to analyze the relationship of sanitary hygiene (food ingredients, cooked food storage, equipment, and personal hygiene of food handlers) with Escherichia coli contamination on street food in developing countries. The study design used in this research is a systematic review using the PRISMA method, analyzed by narrative synthesis on 10 works of literature, with details of 9 journals and 1 thesis published between 2012 and 2021. Based on the review result, all literature was conducted in Indonesia, using a cross-sectional study design, and only 1 literature whose instrument was tested for reliability. Most of them use reference journals, books/modules/dictation, and regulations/official publications of relevant agencies. The variable that is widely studied is the personal hygiene of food handlers. The conclusion in this study, on food ingredients the problems found are the open storage and the use of unlicensed food ingredients. The problem with cooked food storage is that the food is stored in open containers. On the equipment variables, the researcher found that they rarely washed and the absence of specific storage. For the personal hygiene of food handlers, the problems are the lack of washing hands with soap, not using PPE, and bad habits, such as smoking, scratching limbs, sneezing, wearing jewelry, and not covering wounds
H2S is dangerous compound that colorless and has smell like rotten egg. One of this compound source is produced from decomposition process in landfill. The most sensitive body system when exposed to H2S is respiratory system. This study aims to analyze the effect of H2S intake to respiratory symptoms at people living around the Cipayung Landfill. This study design uses cross sectional. Data collection was carried out by interview by questionnaire and measure H2S ambient at 9 poimts locate aroundd community settlements. The result were found intake of H2S associated with respiratory symptoms (p value=0,012; OR=10,5; CI 95%=1,25-88,02). The result of multivariat analysis were found H2S intake influence respiratory symptoms after controlled by duration living variable (p value=0,026; OR=6,78; CI 95%= 1,612-64,572). It needs to measure routine H2S ambient and ensure that concentration was safe as well as proper management efforts from City Government of Depok, Cipayung Landfill and related stakeholders in order to reduce the health risk problems to the people living around Cipayung landfill.
Cakupan pelayanan air minum di Indonesia masih rendah, hanya 40% masyarakat di perkotaan dan kurang dari 30% masyarakat pedesaan yang tersambung dengan jaringan air minum PDAM. Data kualitas air bcrsih di Kota Tangerang dari tahun 2004-2006 menunjukkan penurunan kuaiitas kimia rnaupun bakteriologis. Air dapat berperan sebagai transmisi penularan suatu penyakit seperti diare, melalui kumau-kurnan yang ditularkan lewat jalur air (waier borne disease) atau jalur peralatan yang dicuci dengan air (water washed disease). Di Kota Tangerang tahun 2005 diarc mencrnpati urutan ketiga untuk golongan urnur 1-4 tahun. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi diare adalah lingkungan, status gizi, kependudukan, pendidikan, keadaan sosial ekonomi dan perilaku masyarakat. Tujuan penclitian ini untuk rnelihat apakah kejadian diare pada balita disebabkan oleh karena kualitas air minum yang secara bakteriologis tidak memenuhi syarat dcngan mnnggunakan desain penelitian kasus kontrol. Unit analisis penelitian ini adalah balita usia 9-59 bulan dengan total hesar sampel untuk kasus dan kontrol adalah 250. Teknik pengambilan sampel secara quota, dimana dari 25 Puskesmas yang ada setiap Puskesmas hanya diarnbil 5 kasus dan 5 kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara E. coli dalam air minum dengan kejadian diarc pada balita. Variabel kondisi jamban keluarga sebagai confounding. Keberadaan E. coli dalam air minum berhubungan secara signiiikan dengan kejadian diare pada balita setelah dikontrol oleh variabel kondisi jamban keluaxga. Disarankan perlu diadakan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat tentang cara penoegahan diare yaitu dengan melakukan pemeliharaan sumber air bersih, jamban keluarga dan hygiene perorangan khususnya cuci tangan serta selalu mcmasak air bersih sampai mendidih sebelum dikonsumsi sebagai air minum dan mcncuci Serta merebus botol dan tempat makan/minum balita.
Drinking water coverage in Indonesia is quite low, only 40% urban resident and less than 30% village resident that connected with drinking water system. Clean water quality data at Tangerang City from 2004 - 2006 shows chemical and bactcriology quality reduction. Water could'act as infection transmission of certain disease such as diarrhea through germs from water trail (water borne disease) or equipment trail washed with water (water washed disease). At Tangerang City year 2007 diarrhea located on third place for 1 - 4 years old group age. Factors affecting diarrhea are environment, nutrition status, residence, education, social economy condition and public behavior. This research aim to observe diarrhea cases in toddlers caused by drinking water quality as bacteriology is not fulfilling prereqnirement. This research is using case control research design. Research analysis unit is toddlers? age of 9 - 59 months with total sample for case and control as much as 250. Sample gathering technique performed as quota, where fiom 25 Puskesmas in every Puskesmas only took 5 cases and 5 controls. Research result shows that there is relation between E. coli in drinking water and diarrhea on toddlers. Variable of family toilet condition is confounding. E coli in drinking water as significantly related with diarrhea on toddlers after controlled by variable of family toilet condition. Suggested need counseling to public toward diarrhea prevention, maintain hygiene water source and family toilet and individual hygiene especially rinse. Also suggested to boil hygiene water until boiled before consumed as drinking water, washing and boiling bottle and toddlers lunch I box/drinking bottle.
