This study is a cross-sectional design in 514 districts in Indonesia, 2017-2018 which aims to determine the relationship between the incidence of measles in Indonesia in 2018 with coverage of measles routine immunization (in infants and toddler). The results that districts outside of Java had 1,019 times risk higher to have high measles incidence if the coverage of measles routine immunization for the first dose of infants and vitamin A coverage in 2017 was low, after being controlled by coverage of MR Immunization Campaign, population density, percentage of nutritional status and vitamin A coverage in 2018. Districts in Java had risk 1,456 times higher to get high measles incidence, if the coverage of measles routine immunization first dose in infants and vitamin A coverage in 2017 was low. Districts had measles routine immunization coverage of the second dose was low, had risk 1,486 times higher to have high measles incidence. A policy which state the first dose of measles immunization to children aged >1 year and second dose to children aged >2 year in routine immunization activities needs to be done to increas herd immunity. An integrated recording and reporting system is needed between immunization and PD3I surveillance, especially measles. Implementation of Suplementary Immunization Activity (SIA) every 3-4 years based on epidemiological studies, both national/subnational, and the provision of budget for the promotion and socialization of measles immunization (MR) especially in the second dose for toddler and about measles disease.

Campak masih menjadi salah satu penyakit menular yang menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia karena memiliki tingkat penularan yang tinggi serta dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor risiko yang berbeda pada setiap wilayah. Pendekatan spasial diperlukan untuk menggambarkan distribusi risiko kejadian campak secara komprehensif sehingga dapat mendukung penyusunan prioritas intervensi kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor risiko kejadian campak menggunakan pendekatan spasial di Indonesia tahun 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi dengan unit analisis sebanyak 38 provinsi di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Badan Pusat Statistik, dan Badan Informasi Geospasial tahun 2023. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis melalui metode scoring dan overlay dengan klasifikasi Natural Breaks (Jenks) terhadap enam faktor risiko, yaitu cakupan imunisasi campak, jumlah fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, topografi wilayah, kepadatan penduduk, cakupan pemberian vitamin A, dan status gizi buruk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi setiap faktor risiko memiliki variasi antarprovinsi di Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil pembobotan gabungan seluruh faktor risiko, seluruh provinsi berada pada kategori risiko sedang, namun memiliki tingkat kerentanan yang berbeda sesuai kombinasi karakteristik faktor risiko yang dimiliki. Provinsi Papua Pegunungan memiliki skor pembobotan tertinggi sehingga menjadi wilayah dengan tingkat risiko relatif paling tinggi, sedangkan Provinsi Bali memiliki skor pembobotan terendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan spasial mampu menggambarkan variasi risiko kejadian campak berdasarkan karakteristik kesehatan, demografi, dan geografis pada setiap provinsi. Dengan demikian, analisis spasial berbasis multifaktor dapat memberikan gambaran risiko kejadian campak secara lebih komprehensif serta menjadi dasar dalam penentuan prioritas intervensi dan penyusunan kebijakan pengendalian campak di Indonesia.

Measles remains a major public health concern in Indonesia due to its high transmissibility and the variation of risk factors across regions. A spatial approach is needed to comprehensively describe the distribution of measles risk and to support evidence-based public health interventions. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with measles using a spatial approach in Indonesia in 2023. An ecological study design was employed using all 38 provinces of Indonesia as the units of analysis. Secondary data were obtained from the Indonesian Ministry of Health, Statistics Indonesia, and the Geospatial Information Agency for the year 2023. Descriptive spatial analysis was conducted using a Geographic Information System through scoring and overlay methods with the Natural Breaks (Jenks) classification to assess six risk factors, including measles immunization coverage, the number of health facilities, topographic characteristics, population density, vitamin A coverage, and severe malnutrition. The findings revealed spatial variations in each risk factor across Indonesian provinces. Based on the combined risk scoring, all provinces were classified as having a moderate risk category, although each province exhibited different levels of vulnerability according to its combination of health, demographic, and geographic characteristics. Highland Papua Province had the highest composite risk score, indicating the greatest relative vulnerability, while Bali Province had the lowest score. These findings demonstrate that a multifactor spatial approach provides a comprehensive representation of measles risk distribution and may serve as valuable evidence for prioritizing public health interventions and supporting measles control policies in Indonesia.