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Background : Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Indonesia is still high compared to the other ASEAN countries. It also well known that the major cause for infant and children mortality is infections, especially the upper respiratory tracts infection and diarrhea. Some of the prevention efforts on lowering the evidence of infections are by having a good nutrition management for infant and children, and one of them is an adequate and appropriate breastfeeding. A good start for breastfeeding is about 30 minutes after delivery, as it will be stimulate the continuity of releasing the breast-milk and the interaction between the mother and the baby will be taken place. The Indonesia DHS 2002-2003 showed that 95.5% under five have already have breast-milk, but from that figure only 38.7% of them are having the first breast-milk within one hour after delivery. Hence, there is an analysis on the factors related to the breastfeeding given within one hour after delivery toward data of the Indonesia DHS 2002-2003. Objective : Know about factors related to the breastfeeding given within one hour after delivery Methods : The study is a continuous analysis of the Indonesia DHS 2002-2003 with a cross-sectional design. The number of sample is 6.018, which are mothers who have the latest life child aged 0 to 24 months and still having breastfed and delivered without surgery. Data are analyzed using the application of double logistic regression. The analysis is consisting of the univariable, bivariable with simple logistic regression, and multivariable with multivariate logistic regression. Results : The study has found that the proportion of breastfeeding given within one hour after delivery as high as 38.28%. The multivariable analysis showed that factors related to the breastfeeding given within one hour after delivery are: the residential location, wanted pregnancy, the antenatal care provider, birth attendance, accessibility on radio, and newborn’s weight. There is an interaction between residential location and the antenatal care provider, wanted pregnancy and the antenatal care provider, and newborn’s weight and the birth attendance. Conclusions : The dominant factors related to the breastfeeding given within one hour after delivery is the antenatal care provider. There is a need to make an effort on: increasing the knowledge and motivation of the health provider on the importance of the immediate administration of breastfeeding to the newborn and the Exclusive Breastfeeding; increasing mother’s and pregnant mother’s knowledge on appropriate management of breastfeeding, as well as the socialization of family planning program. The efforts that should be supported by government policy, and also the collaboration between programs and inter-sectoral in order to reach the goals on the immediate administration of breastfeeding to the newborn and the exclusive breastfeeding. Keywords : Breastfed in first one hour, IDHS 2002-2003, multivariate logistic regression
Latar belakang: Berat lahir bayi merupakan indikator penting status kesehatan ibu dan outcome kehamilan. Salah satu faktor yang berpotensi memengaruhi berat lahir adalah stres psikososial ibu selama kehamilan, baik secara subjektif maupun biologis. Namun, sebagian besar penelitian sebelumnya hanya mengukur stres pada satu titik waktu dan belum mengintegrasikan pengukuran psikososial dan biomarker kortisol secara longitudinal.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan dinamika stres psikososial ibu sehat selama kehamilan terhadap berat badan lahir bayi cukup bulan.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort prospektif. Sebanyak 256 ibu hamil sehat direkrut sejak trimester pertama di lima puskesmas di Kota Makassar. Setelah mengalami drop out, tersisa 208 responden pada trimester kedua dan 178 responden pada trimester ketiga. Stres psikososial diukur menggunakan kuesioner Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) dan kadar kortisol saliva setiap trimester. Analisis bivariat dan multivariat dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antara stress psikososial, kortisol, dan berat lahir bayi, dengan mengontrol variabel demografi, sosial ekonomi, obstetrik, nutrisi, komplikasi kehamilan, toxic eksposure, dan layanan ANC.
Hasil: Dinamika stres psikososial ibu selama kehamilan kategori stres psikososial persisten sebesar 36,52%. Stres psikososial kategori sedang hingga berat pada ibu hamil sebesar 43,26% di trimester pertama, 35,96% di trimester kedua, dan 43,82% di trimester ketiga. Kadar kortisol ibu hamil mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan bertambahnya usia kehamilan. Pada trimester pertama, kadar kortisol memiliki nilai rata-rata 7,13 ng/mL, 9,15 ng/mL pada trimester kedua dan 11,79 ng/mL pada trimester ketiga. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara dinamika stress psikososial persisten dengan berat lahir bayi cukup bulan. Kadar kortisol juga berhubungan negatif dengan berat lahir bayi. Faktor lain yang berhubungan dengan berat lahir adalah persepsi ibu tentang dukungan suami, pertambahan berat badan selama kehamilan, hipertensi dalam kehamilan dan kelengkapan pemeriksaan ANC.
Kesimpulan: Dinamika stres psikososial persisten dan kortisol berhubungan negatif dengan berat lahir bayi cukup bulan. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya deteksi dini dan intervensi stres psikososial ibu hamil sebagai bagian dari pelayanan antenatal terpadu untuk mencegah BBLR.
Background: Birth weight is a key indicator of maternal health status and pregnancy outcomes. One of the potential influencing factors is maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy, both subjectively and biologically. However, most previous studies have only measured stress at a single point and have not integrated longitudinal assessments of psychosocial stress and cortisol biomarkers.
Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between the dynamics of psychosocial stress in healthy pregnant women and the birth weight of term infants.
Methods: A prospective cohort design was employed. A total of 256 healthy pregnant women were recruited during the first trimester from five primary health centers in Makassar City. After accounting for dropouts, 208 participants remained in the second trimester and 178 in the third trimester. Psychosocial stress was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and salivary cortisol levels in each trimester. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done to look at the relationships between psychosocial stress, cortisol, and birth weight while considering factors like demographics, income, pregnancy history, nutrition, complications, exposure to toxins, and antenatal care (ANC).
Results: Persistent psychosocial stress was found in 36.52% of participants. Moderate to severe psychosocial stress was observed in 43.26% of mothers in the first trimester, 35.96% in the second trimester, and 43.82% in the third trimester. Cortisol levels increased with advancing gestational age, from a mean of 7.13 ng/mL in the first trimester to 9.15 ng/mL in the second trimester and 11.79 ng/mL in the third trimester. A significant negative association was found between persistent psychosocial stress dynamics and birth weight. Cortisol levels were also negatively associated with birth weight. Other factors associated with birth weight included maternal perception of spousal support, gestational weight gain, hypertension, and completeness of ANC examinations.
Conclusion: Persistent psychosocial stress dynamics and cortisol are negatively associated with term birth weight. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and intervention for maternal psychosocial stress as an integral part of comprehensive antenatal care to prevent low birth weight
