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Pembangunan kesehatan di Indonesia telah berhasil menurunkan tingkat fertilitas dan mortalitas, serta mampu meningkatkan angka harapan hidup, sehingga stuktur usia penduduk di suatu negara mulai bergeser menjadi semakin tingginya prosentase penduduk lanjut usia dibanding anak-anak dan remaja. Peningkatan ini mempengaruhi berbagai aspek kehidupan baik fisik, mental, psiko sosial, dan ekonomi. Untuk itu lansia memerlukan perhatian khusus sesuai dengan keberadaannya.Perubahan sosial yang terjadi memerlukan penyesuaian-penyesuaian yang kadangkala melahirkan masalah-masalah sosial dalam masyarakat. Salah satu aspek kehidupan masyarakat Minangkabau yang cenderung berubah adalah pergeseran pola kehidupan dari keluarga luas (extended family), ke bentuk keluarga inti (nuclear family). Pergeseran ini berpengaruh terhadap pola penyantunan lansia. Sebagai indikator terjadinya perubahan pola penyantunan terhadap lansia adalah dengan semakin diminatinya keberadaan panti werdha dalam masyarakat Minangkabau yang kita kenal dengan konsep keluarga luas dan kolektivitas yang tinggi.Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif dengan tipe studi kasus, untuk mendapatkan informasi yang mendalam tentang fenomena penyantunan lansia di panti werdha dalam masyarakat Minangkabau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan lansia disantuni di panti, latar belakang sosiodemografi, aspek ekonomi dan merantau terhadap penyantunan di panti, serta untuk mengetahui hubungan sosial antara sesama lansia, dengan pengasuh, dan dengan keluarga. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Populasi adalah lansia yang disantuni di panti (80 orang) dari populasi ini diambil 11 orang informan. Informan penelitian ini adalah lansia yang disantuni di panti, pengurus panti, pengasuh, dan keluarga lansia.Hasil analisis penelitian menyimpulkan empat faktor penyebab lansia disantuni di panti. Pertama, dari komposisi keluarga, tidak mempunyai anak sama sekali/semua anak sudah meninggal, atau punya anak laki-laki saja. Kedua, kesulitan ekonomi/keterlantaran. Ketiga, konflik keluarga. Keempat, sebagai ekses dari tradisi merantau dimana melemahnya hubungan kekerabatan dengan keluarga yang akan menyantuni.Komunikasi dan interaksi sosial sesama lansia berlangsung cukup baik dan dalam batas kewajaran. Konflik yang terjadi sesama lansia disebabkan masalah kebersihan kamar/wisma, kecurigaan, perasaan iri atau dengki, dan perilaku teman yang kurang baik. Bila mengalami masalah para lansia berkonsultasi dengan teman, pengasuh, keluarga, dan dipendam sendiri, teman kurang berperan untuk menolong mengatasi permasalahan yang dialami lansia.Hubungan sosial dengan pengasuh cukup harmonis. Pelayanan pengasuh berupa pelayanan kesehatan, kebersihan diri dan lingkungan, keamanan, dan pelayanan bimbingan psikologis. Tindakan pengasuh yang kurang menyenangkan bagi lansia adalah sering dipindah wismakan, mempekerjakan lansia, kesulitan memberikan asuhan karena pengasuh masih muda, dan kekakuan dalam memberikan pelayanan.Hubungan sosial dengan keluarga sudah terputus, terputusnya hubungan disebabkan konflik keluarga. Ditemukan juga hubungan sosial dengan keluarga masih berlangsung, tetapi dengan intensitas dan kualitas yang sangat rendah.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan kepada keluarga untuk memberikan perhatian dan kepedulian terhadap lansia yang disantuni di panti. Kepada pimpinan panti, untuk mengadakan pelatihan pekerjaan sosial bagi pengasuh panti, dan lebih meningkatkan supervisi atau pengawasan. Kepada pengasuh untuk berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan-kegiatan lansia di panti, lebih luwes dan tidak kaku dalam memberikan pelayanan, serta lebih proaktif dalam memberikan pengasuhan. Kepada petugas administrasi diharapkan dapat mengisi data para warga binaan secara lengkap.
Analysis the Phenomenon of Elderly People Handout at Panti Werdha in Minangkabau Society (A Case Study at Panti Werdha "Sabai Nan Aluih", Sicincin, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, 2002)The development of health in Indonesia has successfully decreased fertility and mortality level, and been able to increase living-hope rate, so that the structure of the inhabitant's age in a country starts to move to a high percentage of old-aged inhabitants compared to that of children and teenagers. The increase influences various aspects of life physically, mentally, psycho-socially, and economically. Therefore, old-aged people need special attention appropriate with their existence.Social changes that happen need adoptions which sometimes cause social problems in people. One of the aspects of Minangkabau society that tends to become different is the change of extended family life pattern to nuclear family life pattern. This change effects on the pattern of old-aged people handout. The indicator of the pattern change is a high interest of panti werdha existence in Minangkabau society, known as extended family concept and high collectivity.The research used qualitative method with case study type as to get further information about old-aged people hand-out phenomenon at panti werdha in Minangkabau society. The objective of the research is to find out what factors that cause old-aged people being handed-out at the panti, socio demography background, economy aspects, home-leaving aspect, and social relation among old-aged people, between old-aged people and their nursemaid, and between old-aged people and their family. The data is collected by thorough interviews, participation observation, and documentation study. The population is the old-aged people who have need handed-out at the panti (80 people), eleven people of whom were taken as informer. The informers of the research are old-aged people handed-out at the panti, the management of the panti, the nursemaids, and the old-aged people's families.The result of the research concludes that there are four factors that cause why old-aged people are being handed-out at the panti. First, it can be seen from family composition; without any children/all children died, or with only one son. Second, economy difficulty/neglection. Third, family conflict. Fourth, it is caused by home-leaving traditions that weaken relative relationship with the family who will hand out.Communication and social interaction amongst old-aged people run well and still inside the fittingness. Conflicts that happen amongst old-aged people are caused by the room cleanliness, suspiciousness, jealousy, and bad friend behavior. If the old-aged people have problems, they consult with their friends, nursemaid, family, and they keep with themselves. Friends, how ever, have fewer roles to help overcoming their problems.Social relation with the nursemaids is quite harmonic. The nursemaid service are such as health service, self-sanitary & environmental sanitary, security, and psychological guidance service. The uncomfortable behavior of the nursemaids is moving the old-aged people to another room often, employing them, having difficulty of taking care because the nursemaid is still young and giving service stiffly.Social relation with the family has been cut off, caused by a family conflict. This research also found that social relation still goes on but with low intensity and quality.Based on the research, it is suggested that the family gives attention and care to old-aged people handed-out at the panti. The head of the panti should hold training for Social Workers for the nursemaids. The head of the panti should also improve their supervision or controlling. The nursemaids should participate in old-aged people's activities/events at the panti, they should be more flexible and not stiff while giving the service, more pro-active while taking care of the old-aged people. The administration staff should fill the data of the panti inhabitant completely.
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang : Usia Harapan Hidup (UHH) diperkirakan pada 2014 sudah mencapai 72 tahun. Peningkatan tersebut akan berdampak pada peningkatan jumlah lansia. Pada tahun 2050 mencapai 2 milyar lansia. Meningkatnya jumlah lansia menjadi perhatian kita semua, baik pemerintah, lembaga masyarakat maupun masyarakat itu sendiri. Kementerian kesehatan Republik Indonesia telah menetapkan indikator dalam pelayanan kesehatan lanjut usia. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya, target indikator tersebut masih belum tercapai, terutama skrining kesehatan pada 100% lansia di panti werdha.
Tujuan : Mengembangkan sistem informasi pemantauan status kesehatan lansia agar dapat memonitoring status kesehatan lansia.
Metode : menggunakan metode kualitatif dan System Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
Hasil : Dengan dikembangkannya sistem informasi pemantauan status kesehatan lansia berbasis panti werdha, maka panti werdha dapat memberikan informasi capaian skrining kesehatan lansia dipanti kepada puskesmas dan suku dinas kesehatan. Selain itu, keluarga lansia juga dapat memonitoring status kesehatan lansia.
Kesimpulan : Pengembangan sistem informasi ini menghasilkan data status kesehatan individu lansia dilevel panti terkait capaian indikator skrining kesehatan pada 100% lansia dipanti yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh puskesmas, suku dinas kesehatan maupun keluarga lansia.
ABSTRACT
Background: life expectancy estimated in 2014 has been reached 72 years. The increase will have an impact on the increasing number of elderly. In 2050 will be reached 2 billion elderly. The increasing number of elderly being attention for government, community agencies and the community itself. Indonesian republic's ministry of health has set an indicator in elderly health care. But in practice, the target indicator is still not achieved, especially at 100% health screening elderly in nursing homes.
Objective: develop monitoring health status information systems to elderly.
Methods: using qualitative methods and System Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
Results: developed of monitoring information system based on the health status of elderly nursing homes, can provide performance indicator of elderly health screening to the primary health care and district of health. In addition, elderly relatives can also monitor the health status of elderly.
Conclusion: these information system development to produce health status data of elderly individuals associated performance indicators nursing homes at 100% health screening elderly in nursing homes, which can be used by primary health care, district of health and elderly families.
Kata Kunci : Lansia, kualitas hidup
Quality of life is the functional condition of the elderly which includes physical health, psychological health, elderly social relationships, as well as sexual activity, and environmental conditions. Population growth rate in South Tangerang is the fastest (3.36%) compared to other regencies / cities in Banten province. Life expectancy in 2015 is the highest compared to other regions in Banten which reached 72.2 years. Approximately 5% of the population in South Tangerang is over 60 years old (BPS, 2016) and 0.8% of the total elderly people in Tangerang Selatan prefer to stay in the orphanage because they feel have many friends for activities, worshiping and eliminate loneliness. This study aims to determine the quality of life of the elderly and the factors related to the quality of life of elderly living in the werdha orphanage of Tangerang Selatan region. Cross-sectional study design was used in 144 selected randomly elderly from 4 orphanages in South Tangerang. Data collected using interview method using questionnaires that have been tested for validity and reliability, and analyzed using multiple logistic regression test. The results showed that 74.3% of elderly people living in the orphanage of Tangerang Selatan have quality of life, elderly education is a factor related to the quality of life of the elderly (p = 0,003; OR 3,22; 95% CI 1,49-6, 97). Elderly with a high education has a 3,2 times more quality of life than the poorly educated elderly.
Keywords : Elderly, Quality Of life
