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Latar belakang: Tenaga kesehatan berpotensi untuk terkena Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Virus HepatitIs C, dan Virus Hepatitis B yang penularannya lewat darah. Tertusuk jarum suntik dapat membahayakan tenaga kesehatan di rumah sakit. Tujuan: Diketahuinya riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya kejadian Hepatitis B atau C pada tenaga kesehatan di RS Dr.Kariadi Semarang Tahun 2008. Metode: Desain cross sectional dengan melakukan wawancara dan pengambilan darah pada 225 kelompok terpapar (kelompok riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik >2 kali) dan 225 kelompok riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik < 2 kali). Analisis data univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan interaksi dan confounding. Hasil dan diskusi: Riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik >2 kali berisiko 48,99 kali untuk mengalami Hepatitis B atau C dibandingkan dengan riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik < 2 kali dengan POR sebesar 48,99 95%CI (9,494-252,85) P value 0,000 dan terdapat satu variabel confounding yaitu frekuensi menyuntik yang dapat mendistorsi efek riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik dengan kejadian Hepatitis B atau C. Kesimpulan dan saran: Tenaga kesehatan yang riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik >2 kali dalam 6 bulan memperbesar risiko mengalami kejadian Hepatitis B atau C bila dibandingkan dengan tenaga kesehatan yang riwayat tertusuk jarum suntik < 2 kali dalam 6 bulan, setelah dikendalikan oleh Riwayat Medis, Paparan Pekerjaan Modis, Unit kerja, Lama Kerja, Jenis Kelamin, Frekuensi Menyuntik, dan Kewaspadaan Universal di RS Dr. Katiadi Tabun 2008. Di anjurkan supaya tenaga kesehatan di RS Dr. Kariadi tidak sampai tertusuk lebih dari satu kali agar tidak terkena Hepatitis B atau C dengan cara meningkatkan praktek pencegahan infeksi, melakukan general check up dimana pemeriksaan Hepatitis B atau C termasuk didalamnya dan dilakukan setahun sekali, bagi tenaga kesehatan yang tertusuk jarum suntik lebih dan sekali sebaiknya segera memeriksakan diri secepatnya untuk mengetahui lebih dini apakah mengalami Hepatitis B atau C, dan sebaiknya tenaga kesehatan dalam sebulan menyuntik tidak lebih dari 8 kali agar tidak mengalami hepetitis B atau C.
Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are potentially at risk for human immunodefiCiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HeV) infection through occupational exposures to blood and bloody body fluids. Needle stick injuries put healthcare workers at risk of life-threatening infections such as Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B. Aims: A study was designed to determine the risk of needle stick injuries of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) or Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among health care workers in Dr. Kariadi Hospital 2008. Method: Designed cross sectional by interview and blood examination on 225 exposed group (had needle stick injuries more than once in. 6 month ago) and on 225 unexposed group (had needle stick injuries less than twice in 6 month ago). Analysis of data univariate, bivariate and multivariate with interaction and confounding. Results: Needle stick injuries more than once related to Hepatitis B or C with POR 48,99 95%CI (9,494-252,85) P value 0,000 and frequencies of suturing is a confounder. Conclusion: Needle stick injuries more than once related to Hepatitis B or C after controlled by medical history, duration of working, exposure on medical occupation, workplace, sex, universal precautions. and frequencies of suturing. Suggested to health care workers in Dr. Kariadi Hospital do not get needle stick injuries more than once in order to prevent Hepatitis B or C by increasing universal precautions, do general check up including Hepatitis B and C, health care workers who had needle stick injuries more than once are supposed to immediately check up for early diagnostic Hepatitis B or C, and suggested to saturing not more than eight times in a month.
Background: The national Early Detection of Hepatitis B (DDHB) program for pregnant women is a key strategy to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B. With approximately 90% of infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers developing chronic hepatitis B, immunization remains crucial but does not fully eliminate the risk of transmission. This study aimed to analyze risk factors contributing to hepatitis B in children, develop a probability model for its occurrence, and evaluate the implementation of the DDHB program as a preventive and control measure for MTCT. Methods: This study employed an explanatory mixed-methods approach. The quantitative component used a retrospective cohort design involving 166 mother-child pairs, where mothers were confirmed to have hepatitis B infection (HBsAg-positive) through antenatal care (ANC) screening. The qualitative component utilized a case study design with in-depth interviews conducted with 23 informants. The research was carried out in Makassar City and Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Result: A multivariate analysis using a binomial GLM with a log link was conducted to calculate the adjusted risk ratio (aRR) for factors associated with hepatitis B in children. The results indicated that mothers with high HBV-DNA levels (>106 copies/mL) had a significantly increased risk of transmitting HBV to their children (aRR=2.9, 95%CI=1,37-6,20). Children who did not receive hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) (aRR = 5.6, 95%CI=2,28-13,76), did not vaccinate HB-0 (aRR = 2.9, 95%CI=1,37-6,20), did not vaccinate HB-1 (aRR = 10.44, 95%CI=5,23-20,87), or did not vaccinate HB-2 (aRR = 12.11, 95%CI=5,21-28,35) were at significantly higher risk of HBV infection. Additionally, children born to mothers with high HBV-DNA levels (>106 copies/mL) who did not receive HBIg, HB-0, HB-1, and HB-2 vaccines had a 94% probability of hepatitis B occurrence. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the importance of the DDHB program for pregnant women in identifying HBV-DNA levels to facilitate antiviral therapy as needed. Furthermore, the administration of HBIg and hepatitis B vaccines (HB-0, HB-1, and HB-2) to infants is highly effective in reducing the risk of MTCT, making it a vital strategy in preventing hepatitis B infections in children. Recommendation: The DDHB program should be comprehensively optimized, starting with screening for pregnant women, conducting HBV-DNA testing on pregnant women who are HBsAg reactive, and enhancing the coverage of HBIg administration and implementation of the hepatitis B vaccination (HB-0, HB-1, and HB-2) for children.
